31 Facts About 'Adud al-Dawla

Rukn 'Adud al-Dawla quickly left for southern Iran to save his son, and was joined by the vizier of Mu'izz 'Adud al-Dawla for the same purpose.

Adud 'Adud al-Dawla was only thirteen when he was crowned as the ruler of Fars, and was educated there by his tutor Abu 'l-Fadl ibn al-'Amid.

In 974 Adud 'Adud al-Dawla was sent by his father to save his cousin Izz 'Adud al-Dawla from a rebellion.

Adud 'Adud al-Dawla became afterwards the sole ruler of the Buyid dynasty and assumed the ancient Iranian title of Shahanshah.

Mu'izz 'Adud al-Dawla died in 967, and was succeeded by his eldest son Izz 'Adud al-Dawla as emir of Iraq.

In 967, Adud 'Adud al-Dawla took advantage of the quarrel between the Ilyasid ruler Muhammad ibn Ilyas and his son in Kerman to annex the province to his domain.

Mu'izz 'Adud al-Dawla had already attempted to conquer the province but was defeated by the Ilyasids.

Adud 'Adud al-Dawla conquered all of Kerman, and appointed his son Shirdil Abu'l-Fawaris as the viceroy of the province, while a Daylamite officer named Kurkir ibn Justan was appointed as the chief captain of the army of Kerman.

Adud 'Adud al-Dawla managed to defeat the army of Sulaiman and continued to expand his domains to the strait of Hormuz.

In 974, Izz 'Adud al-Dawla was trapped in Wasit by his troops who, under their leader, Sebuk-Tegin, had rebelled against him.

In 975 Adud 'Adud al-Dawla launched an expedition to take Bam and defeated another son of Muhammad ibn Ilyas who sought to reconquer Kerman.

Izz 'Adud al-Dawla then stopped recognizing the rule of his cousin Adud 'Adud al-Dawla, and stopped mentioning his name during Friday prayers.

Izz 'Adud al-Dawla then asked Adud 'Adud al-Dawla for permission to retire and settle in Syria.

However, on the road to Syria, Izz 'Adud al-Dawla became convinced by Abu Taghlib, the Hamdanid ruler of Mosul, to go fight again against his cousin.

Izz 'Adud al-Dawla was defeated, and was captured and executed at the orders of Adud 'Adud al-Dawla.

Adud 'Adud al-Dawla then spent one year in Mosul to consolidate his power, while his army was completing the conquest of Diyar Bakr and Diyar Mudar.

Unlike the rest of the Buyids who had held the region temporarily, Adud 'Adud al-Dawla had complete control of the region during the rest of his reign.

Adud 'Adud al-Dawla quickly sent an army to aid Qabus against Dubaj.

Adud 'Adud al-Dawla then made the Abbasid caliph give Qabus the title of Shams al-Ma'ali.

Adud 'Adud al-Dawla then moved to Kerman and later Kermanshah where he set up a governor.

Adud 'Adud al-Dawla was now the senior ruler of the Buyid Empire, and several rulers such as the Hamdanids, Saffarids, Shahinids, Hasanwayhids and even other lesser rulers who controlled Yemen, including its surrounding regions, acknowledged his authority.

Adud 'Adud al-Dawla then returned to Baghdad, where he built and restored several buildings in the city.

When he arrived, he sent his brother to Baghdad to offer his allegiance to Adud 'Adud al-Dawla and make an alliance against the Byzantines, which Adud 'Adud al-Dawla accepted.

In 981, Adud 'Adud al-Dawla sent Abu Bakr Baqillani to Constantinople to negotiate peace.

However, he was most likely sent to spy on the Byzantines and how their military functioned, since Adud 'Adud al-Dawla was planning to invade Byzantine territory.

In 982, Adud 'Adud al-Dawla sent another envoy to Constantinople, this time, Abu Ishaq ibn Shahram, who, after spending three months in the city, concluded a 10-year peace treaty with them.

One year later, a Byzantine envoy arrived back in Baghdad, but Adud 'Adud al-Dawla was too ill to bring an end to the negotiations.

Adud 'Adud al-Dawla himself had several wives, which included the daughter of Bisutun; the daughter of Manadhar, a Justanid king; and the daughter of Siyahgil, a Giilite king.

Adud 'Adud al-Dawla later left an inscription in the city, which tells about his awareness of being heir of an ancient pre-Islamic civilization.

Apparently showing interest in Arabic rather than Persian, Adud 'Adud al-Dawla followed the mainstream of intellectual life in a provincial town where culture was dominated by Arabic and Persian.

Adud 'Adud al-Dawla is credited with patronizing many scientific projects during his rule.