1. Adam Ignacy Koc was a Polish politician, MP, soldier, journalist and Freemason.
82 Facts About Adam Koc
1. 2.
Adam Koc then became a commandant of the Polish Military Organisation, first in the Warsaw district, and then its Commandant-in-Chief.
3.
Adam Koc was multiple times in office, mostly in financial positions.
4.
Adam Koc was one of the negotiators of loans to the Second Polish Republic from the UK and France.
5.
Adam Koc became commandant-in-chief of the Association of Polish Legionists.
6.
Adam Koc was supportive of the idea of OZN's approach towards the radical right National Radical Camp Falanga and right-wing National Democracy.
7.
Adam Koc served as Minister of Finance, Trade and Industry for a short period in 1939, before he fled to the United States in 1940.
8.
Adam Koc was born into an aristocratic family from Podlachia.
9.
Adam Koc did so on 20 June 1912, in then named IV classical gymnasium, located in Podgorze, on quite a low level, which was enough to start Polish studies there.
10.
Adam Koc had been in Krakow for three years when he wrote his Matura exam in 1912.
11.
Adam Koc was engaged in the Riflemen's Association, a legal organisation related to ZWC.
12.
Simultaneously, Adam Koc was an adjutant of the main headquarters of Riflemen's Organisation for the Russian partition affairs, starting from October 1913.
13.
Adam Koc was one of the members of the Chief Commandment of POW.
14.
Adam Koc arrived in Petrograd, and started to move towards Helsinki, illegally crossing the border between Russia and the Great Duchy of Finland.
15.
Adam Koc struggled with pneumonia and malaria, which was aggravated by his sight issues.
16.
On 18 September 1916, Adam Koc was severely wounded in the Battle of Sitowicze, in Volhynia.
17.
Adam Koc was shot near his liver, while on a spy mission.
18.
The wounded Adam Koc was transported to the Legions' clinic in Lublin, and then to Krakow.
19.
Adam Koc finished his treatment at the clinic on 31 January 1917.
20.
Adam Koc's actions did not remain unnoticed by the Austro-German generals, so Koc was sent to Ostrow Mazowiecka for additional schooling, as a punishment.
21.
Adam Koc was released on 22 April 1918, with his health deteriorating.
22.
Adam Koc initiated protests against the German police and coordinated POW activity with the Armed Squads of the Polish Socialist Party.
23.
Adam Koc's successes increased his authority in the military organisations.
24.
Adam Koc was as well part of the Statute Commission.
25.
Adam Koc had to leave shortly since he was to go to Ukraine in May until June 1920 to aid Symon Petlura in communication issues and, later on, the POW soldiers who remained alive.
26.
On 11 June 1920, on the order of the Ministry of Military Affairs, Adam Koc was promoted to lieutenant colonel, together with other Polish Legion officers.
27.
Adam Koc was unable to fully destroy the 3rd Cavalry Corps, led by Hayk Bzhishkyan, as the Soviet cavalry escaped encirclement.
28.
Adam Koc's task was to support organizations that were to prepare the population for possible military conflict.
29.
Adam Koc participated in the International Riflemen's Organisation councils on the behalf of Ministry of Military Affairs.
30.
Adam Koc was an advocate for the democratisation of relationships inside the military and for stronger ties between the people and the army, which won him esteem among his subordinates.
31.
On 3 May 1922, Adam Koc was given an advantage in placement.
32.
Adam Koc was placed in 135th place of senior infantry soldiers.
33.
On 1 December 1924, Adam Koc was promoted to colonel, his highest military rank, with 17th place on the list of seniority among Polish infantry.
34.
Two months later, colonel Adam Koc was nominated as a deputy of the commandant of the Center of Practical Army Schooling in Rembertow.
35.
Adam Koc became a freemason before 1921 demitted on 23 March 1928.
36.
On 11 April 1926, Adam Koc began serving as head of the Department for Non-Catholic Religions in the Ministry of Military Affairs.
37.
In effect, Adam Koc retired from military service while serving as an MP.
38.
Adam Koc fully retired from military affairs on 30 April 1930.
39.
Adam Koc was nominated as vice-director of the Riflemen's Association's Council.
40.
Adam Koc became head of the Peowiak Association, uniting the veterans of POW, in March 1928.
41.
Adam Koc controlled the organisation of stock exchanges and banks, debt and foreign financial relations, during the Great Depression.
42.
At first, Adam Koc was seen to espouse moderately liberal views on the economy, but he evolved as an advocate of mainly interventionist or even statist actions.
43.
At the beginning of 1932, Adam Koc became State Commissioner for the Bank of Poland.
44.
In mid-February 1931, Adam Koc arrived to Paris to discuss the financial aspects of the loan, on behalf of the Ministry of Communication.
45.
Adam Koc served as vice-director of the rail association for more than three years.
46.
Adam Koc succeeded while continuing talks with British partners.
47.
The agreement was signed on 2 August 1933, the fact Adam Koc was very content:.
48.
Adam Koc worked to get Poland out of the Great Depression.
49.
In June and July 1933, Adam Koc was head of the Polish delegation to the international economic conference in London.
50.
Adam Koc claimed that the main target was to stabilise the currencies via trade liberalisation and customs decrease or abolition.
51.
Later, Adam Koc visited the New York Stock Exchange and some representatives from economic circles.
52.
Kwiatkowski was known as an autarkist, while Adam Koc belonged to the classical school, and the two could not coexist.
53.
Adam Koc traveled to Great Britain to meet Montagu Norman, then Governor of the Bank of England.
54.
Adam Koc advocated support for profitable enterprises and close cooperation between the Bank of Poland and private financial institutions.
55.
Adam Koc proposed a presidential decree to devalue the national currency, but this was rejected by Moscicki.
56.
Mierzwa claimed that neither Kwiatkowski nor Moscicki had a better choice, which implies that the politicians from the "castle group" were searching for a better one, so Adam Koc gave them some time.
57.
Adam Koc joined Bank Handlowy in 1938, becoming its vice-director on 30 March 1939, while continuing his government service.
58.
On 21 February 1937, Adam Koc made a radio broadcast to declare a new political entity.
59.
The creation of a new political entity interested the government itself, leading Adam Koc to visit the president three days after his declaration.
60.
Formally, Adam Koc became director of it, but it was de facto controlled by Jerzy Rutkowski, his deputy.
61.
Rutkowski was from the radical-right political scene, but Adam Koc denied any ties between him and ONR "Falanga".
62.
Adam Koc was not a public person, unlike, say, Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski.
63.
Furthermore, Adam Koc was "tired of quarrels with Kwiatkowski, his health was failing", and "he took up the party's position [treating it] as an order from his boss".
64.
Also, Adam Koc was neglecting or underestimating the importance of the opposition.
65.
Finally, on 10 January 1938, Adam Koc resigned from his position as head of OZN, formally because of poor health.
66.
In Polish parliamentary elections in November 1938, Adam Koc was elected to the Senate.
67.
Adam Koc served on the Statute Commission of the Senate.
68.
In March 1939 Adam Koc went to London for the second time for negotiations to receive an export credit for his employer.
69.
Adam Koc met representatives from the government and economists to prepare for the visit of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Jozef Beck.
70.
On 10 June 1939, Adam Koc received informal instructions from Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski and was nominated as head of the official loan delegation to London.
71.
Contrary to Kwiatkowski, Adam Koc liked the idea of such a monetary union.
72.
Two days after the conflict started, Adam Koc asked Aleksander Litwinowicz, Vice-Minister of Military Affairs and chief of Army Administration, to be employed in the financial department of the General Staff, which the general accepted.
73.
On 10 September 1939, Adam Koc was nominated by Moscicki as Vice-Minister of Treasury.
74.
Adam Koc thereupon resigned both of his offices, on 9 December 1939.
75.
Adam Koc then served as II Vice-Minister of Treasury, most probably at the insistence of Henryk Strasburger.
76.
Adam Koc was responsible for the organization of the military industry with the help of Polish immigrants in France.
77.
Adam Koc was later attacked by the Bank of Poland because he was the only person in the ministry against gold evacuation from North Africa, where it was trapped in the pro-German Vichy France colonies.
78.
Pragier suggests that Adam Koc resigned "a few weeks before April 1940", while Mierzwa proposes a later date when Sikorski's government was under reorganization.
79.
Already in Great Britain, after Raczkiewicz convinced Sikorski that Adam Koc was innocent in the gold reserves loss, Adam Koc was given the mission of Polish gold vindication, which had relocated to Dakar.
80.
Adam Koc sent to assess the possible engagement of American financial institutions in his country's future reconstruction.
81.
In mid-September 1940, Adam Koc sailed out of Liverpool to the US, arriving in early October.
82.
Adam Koc was named head of the Gold Vindication Committee, a nomination protested by Henryk Strasburger, Minister of Treasury, and Bohdan Winiarski, a right-wing politician and then head of the Bank of Poland.