25 Facts About Boron

Boron is synthesized entirely by cosmic ray spallation and supernovae and not by stellar nucleosynthesis, so it is a low-abundance element in the Solar System and in the Earth's crust.

Boron compounds were relatively rarely used until the late 1800s when Francis Marion Smith's Pacific Coast Borax Company first popularized and produced them in volume at low cost.

Boron was not recognized as an element until it was isolated by Sir Humphry Davy and by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thenard.

Boron produced enough boron to confirm a new element and named it boracium.

Boron is similar to carbon in its capability to form stable covalently bonded molecular networks.

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Boron is the lightest element having an electron in a p-orbital in its ground state.

Boron is the prototype for the boron group, although the other members of this group are metals and more typical p-elements .

Boron trifluoride is used in the petrochemical industry as a catalyst.

Boron nitrides are notable for the variety of structures that they adopt.

Boron isotopes are fractionated during mineral crystallization, during H2O phase changes in hydrothermal systems, and during hydrothermal alteration of rock.

Boron is rare in the Universe and solar system due to trace formation in the Big Bang and in stars.

Boron fibers are used in lightweight composite applications, such as high strength tapes.

Boron is introduced into semiconductors as boron compounds, by ion implantation.

Boron is added to the glass as borax pentahydrate or boron oxide, to influence the strength or fluxing qualities of the glass fibers.

Boron fibers are high-strength, lightweight materials that are used chiefly for advanced aerospace structures as a component of composite materials, as well as limited production consumer and sporting goods such as golf clubs and fishing rods.

Boron carbide is a ceramic material which is obtained by decomposing B2O3 with carbon in an electric furnace:.

Boron is added to boron steels at the level of a few parts per million to increase hardenability.

Boron is a useful dopant for such semiconductors as silicon, germanium, and silicon carbide.

Boron trichloride gas is an important chemical in semiconductor industry not for doping but rather for plasma etching of metals and their oxides.

Boron is a component of neodymium magnets, which are among the strongest type of permanent magnet.

Boron shielding is used as a control for nuclear reactors, taking advantage of its high cross-section for neutron capture.

Boron appears as an active element in the organic pharmaceutical bortezomib, a new class of drug called the proteasome inhibitor, for the treatment of myeloma and one form of lymphoma .

Boron is an essential plant nutrient, required primarily for maintaining the integrity of cell walls.

Boron is converted to boric acid or borates and on reaction with curcumin in acidic solution, a red colored boron-chelate complex, rosocyanine, is formed.

Boron is necessary for plant growth, but an excess of boron is toxic to plants, and occurs particularly in acidic soil.

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