11 Facts About Calvin cycle

Calvin cycle, light-independent reactions, bio synthetic phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle of photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into glucose.

The Calvin cycle is present in all photosynthetic eukaryotes and many photosynthetic bacteria.

The Calvin cycle uses the chemical energy of ATP and reducing power of NADPH from the light dependent reactions to produce sugars for the plant to use.

The Calvin cycle thus happens when light is available independent of the kind of photosynthesis ; CAM plants store malic acid in their vacuoles every night and release it by day to make this process work.

Reactions of the Calvin cycle are closely coupled to the thylakoid electron transport chain as the energy required to reduce the carbon dioxide is provided by NADPH produced during the light dependent reactions.

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Calvin cycle, Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle, reductive pentose phosphate cycle or C3 cycle is a series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplast in photosynthetic organisms.

The cycle was discovered in 1950 by Melvin Calvin, James Bassham, and Andrew Benson at the University of California, Berkeley by using the radioactive isotope carbon-14.

The Calvin cycle uses these compounds to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds that can be used by the organism .

Enzymes in the Calvin cycle are functionally equivalent to most enzymes used in other metabolic pathways such as gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway, but the enzymes in the Calvin cycle are found in the chloroplast stroma instead of the cell cytosol, separating the reactions.

The carbohydrate products of the Calvin cycle are three-carbon sugar phosphate molecules, or "triose phosphates", namely, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate .

Immediate products of one turn of the Calvin cycle are 2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules, 3 ADP, and 2 NADP.