42 Facts About Carol Gilligan

Carol Gilligan is an American feminist, ethicist, and psychologist, best known for her work on ethical community and ethical relationships.

Carol Gilligan is known for her book In a Different Voice, which criticized Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development.

Carol Gilligan is considered the originator of the ethics of care.

Carol Gilligan was raised in a Jewish family in New York City.

Carol Gilligan was the only child of a lawyer, William Friedman, and nursery school teacher, Mabel Caminez.

Carol Gilligan attended the public Hunter Model School and the Walden School, a progressive private school on Manhattan's Upper West Side and played piano.

Disillusioned by academia, Carol Gilligan left academia to pursued a career in modern dance.

Together, James and Carol Gilligan had three children: Jonathan, Timothy, and Christopher.

Jonathan Carol Gilligan is an Associate Professor of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Vanderbilt University.

Timothy Carol Gilligan is the Vice-Chair for Education and Associate Professor of Medicine at the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute.

Christopher Carol Gilligan is the Associate Chief Medical Officer of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Director of the Brigham and Women's Spine Center.

Carol Gilligan began her teaching career as a lecturer at the University of Chicago from 1965 to 1966, teaching the Introduction to Modern Social Science.

Carol Gilligan then became a lecturer at Harvard University in 1967, lecturing on General Education.

Carol Gilligan taught for two years at the University of Cambridge as the Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions and as a visiting professorial fellow in the Social and Political Sciences.

Carol Gilligan eventually left Harvard in 2002 to join New York University as a full professor with the School of Education and the School of Law.

Carol Gilligan was a visiting professor at the University of Cambridge in the Centre for Gender Studies from 2003 until 2009.

Carol Gilligan studied women's psychology and girls' development and co-authored or edited a number of texts with her students.

Carol Gilligan contributed the piece "Sisterhood Is Pleasurable: A Quiet Revolution in Psychology" to the 2003 anthology Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium, edited by Robin Morgan.

In 2015, Carol Gilligan taught for a semester at New York University in Abu Dhabi.

Carol Gilligan is known for her work with Lawrence Kohlberg on his stages of moral development as well as her criticism of his approach to the stages.

Carol Gilligan proposed her theory of stages of female moral development based on her idea of moral voices.

Carol Gilligan argues that androgyny, or integrating the masculine and the feminine, is the best way to realize one's potential as a human.

Carol Gilligan developed her own stages of moral development with the idea that women make moral and ethical decision based on how they will affect others in mind.

Carol Gilligan followed Kohlberg's stages of preconventional, conventional, and postconventional morality, but she based these upon her research with women rather than men, a major advance in psychological theory.

Carol Gilligan's questions centered around the self, morality and how women handle issues of conflict and choice.

Carol Gilligan makes commentary on how current theory did not apply as easily when looking at a woman's perspective.

Carol Gilligan continues to target this absence of the feminist perspective by look at a scenario involving two adolescent children.

Carol Gilligan realizes that the girl's responses seem to place her a whole stage lower in maturity than the boy.

However, Carol Gilligan argues that this is a result of the children seeing two different moral problems.

Carol Gilligan concludes this section saying how Freud is not necessarily correct in saying that girls have an intensification of narcissism during puberty, but that they develop a deeper perspective of care and "a new responsiveness to the self".

Carol Gilligan writes about why humans experience so much pain before finding pleasure in love.

Carol Gilligan considers the power of love and how it upsets the order of things.

Carol Gilligan's book traces love's path as she studies children's communication and couples in crisis, and argues persuasively that a child's inborn ability to love freely and live authentically becomes inhibited by patriarchal structure.

Carol Gilligan co-wrote Meeting at Crossroads with Mikel Brown to discuss the path for girls during adolescence.

In early fall of 2002, Carol Gilligan released a theater adaptation of The Scarlet Letter, originally written by Nathaniel Hawthorne.

Carol Gilligan related how the patriarchy not only maintains strict gender roles, but how it prevents true pleasure in relationships between people.

Carol Gilligan said that Hawthorne was demonstrating that "you could overthrow kings, and still the tension between puritanical society and love and passion would continue".

In contrast to Kohlberg, who claimed that girls, and therefore women, did not in general develop their moral abilities to the highest levels, Carol Gilligan argued that women approached ethical problems differently from men.

Carol Gilligan calls the different moral approaches "ethics of care" and "ethics of justice" and recognizes them as fundamentally incompatible.

Christina Hoff Sommers argued that Carol Gilligan's research is ill-founded and that no evidence exists to support her conclusion.

Senchuk thinks that Carol Gilligan is unwilling to agree to Kohlberg's ideas because she does not agree with the reasoning on males, resulting in the exaggeration of the differences between males and females.

Carol Gilligan recommends that her theory should be "extended - by the imagination - beyond the here and now" and not be restricted to the current network of personal relationships.