Cognitive neuroscience is the scientific field that is concerned with the study of the biological processes and aspects that underlie cognition, with a specific focus on the neural connections in the brain which are involved in mental processes.
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Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both neuroscience and psychology, overlapping with disciplines such as behavioral neuroscience, cognitive psychology, physiological psychology and affective neuroscience.
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Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neurobiology, and computational modeling.
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Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental procedures from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics.
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Cognitive neuroscience is an interdisciplinary area of study that has emerged from neuroscience and psychology.
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One of the predecessors to cognitive neuroscience was phrenology, a pseudoscientific approach that claimed that behavior could be determined by the shape of the scalp.
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Cognitive neuroscience discovered that the epileptic patients often made the same clonic and tonic movements of muscle during their seizures, leading Jackson to believe that they must be caused be activity in the same place in the brain every time.
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Cognitive neuroscience discovered that removing the cerebellum in rabbits and pigeons affected their sense of muscular coordination, and that all cognitive functions were disrupted in pigeons when the cerebral hemispheres were removed.
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Cognitive neuroscience's approach has been criticised on the basis that the tests were not sensitive enough to notice selective deficits had they been present.
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The term cognitive neuroscience itself was coined by Gazzaniga and cognitive psychologist George Armitage Miller while sharing a taxi in 1976.
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Cognitive neuroscience noted that when the subjects engaged in tasks such as mathematical calculations the pulsations of the brain increased locally.
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Cognitive neuroscience began to integrate the newly laid theoretical ground in cognitive science, that emerged between the 1950s and 1960s, with approaches in experimental psychology, neuropsychology and neuroscience.
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An upcoming technique in Cognitive neuroscience is NIRS which uses light absorption to calculate changes in oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin in cortical areas.
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Adaptive resonance theory is a cognitive neuroscience theory developed by Gail Carpenter and Stephen Grossberg in the late 1970s on aspects of how the brain processes information.
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