Examples of complex systems are Earth's global climate, organisms, the human brain, infrastructure such as power grid, transportation or communication systems, complex software and electronic systems, social and economic organizations, an ecosystem, a living cell, and ultimately the entire universe.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,507 |
Complex systems are systems whose behavior is intrinsically difficult to model due to the dependencies, competitions, relationships, or other types of interactions between their parts or between a given system and its environment.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,508 |
Term complex systems often refers to the study of complex systems, which is an approach to science that investigates how relationships between a system's parts give rise to its collective behaviors and how the system interacts and forms relationships with its environment.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,509 |
Complex systems is therefore often used as a broad term encompassing a research approach to problems in many diverse disciplines, including statistical physics, information theory, nonlinear dynamics, anthropology, computer science, meteorology, sociology, economics, psychology, and biology.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,510 |
Complex systems are chiefly concerned with the behaviors and properties of systems.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,511 |
The notion of behavior implies that the study of Complex systems is concerned with processes that take place over time.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,512 |
Particular interest to complex systems are nonlinear dynamical systems, which are systems of differential equations that have one or more nonlinear terms.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,513 |
Complex adaptive systems are special cases of complex systems that are adaptive in that they have the capacity to change and learn from experience.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,514 |
Examples of complex adaptive systems include the stock market, social insect and ant colonies, the biosphere and the ecosystem, the brain and the immune system, the cell and the developing embryo, the cities, manufacturing businesses and any human social group-based endeavor in a cultural and social system such as political parties or communities.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,515 |
Notion of self-organizing Complex systems is tied with work in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, including that pioneered by chemist and Nobel laureate Ilya Prigogine in his study of dissipative structures.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,516 |
One complex system containing humans is the classical political economy of the Scottish Enlightenment, later developed by the Austrian school of economics, which argues that order in market systems is spontaneous in that it is the result of human action, but not the execution of any human design.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,517 |
Complex systems believed that economics and the sciences of complex phenomena in general, which in his view included biology, psychology, and so on, could not be modeled after the sciences that deal with essentially simple phenomena like physics.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,518 |
Chaotic Complex systems remain deterministic, though their long-term behavior can be difficult to predict with any accuracy.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,519 |
Many real complex systems are, in practice and over long but finite periods, robust.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,520 |
Complex systems system is usually composed of many components and their interactions.
| FactSnippet No. 1,592,521 |