In physics, the Coriolis effect force is an inertial or fictitious force that acts on objects in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with respect to an inertial frame.
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28 Facts About Coriolis effect
2.
Early in the 20th century, the term Coriolis effect force began to be used in connection with meteorology.
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3.
The magnitude of the Coriolis effect force is proportional to the rotation rate, and the magnitude of the centrifugal force is proportional to the square of the rotation rate.
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4.
In popular usage of the term "Coriolis effect", the rotating reference frame implied is almost always the Earth.
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5.
An intuitive explanation of the origin of the Coriolis effect force, consider an object, constrained to follow the Earth's surface and moving northward in the Northern Hemisphere.
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6.
However, the theory that the Coriolis effect determines the rotation of draining water in a typical size household bathtub, sink or toilet has been repeatedly disproven by modern-day scientists; the force is negligibly small compared to the many other influences on the rotation.
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7.
Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis effect published a paper in 1835 on the energy yield of machines with rotating parts, such as waterwheels.
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8.
Coriolis effect referred to this force as the "compound centrifugal force" due to its analogies with the centrifugal force already considered in category one.
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9.
The effect was known in the early 20th century as the "acceleration of Coriolis", and by 1920 as "Coriolis force".
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10.
Notice the Euler and centrifugal forces depend on the position vector of the object, while the Coriolis effect force depends on the object's velocity as measured in the rotating reference frame.
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11.
The rotation vector, velocity of movement and Coriolis effect acceleration expressed in this local coordinate system are:.
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12.
Tornadoes have high Rossby numbers, so, while tornado-associated centrifugal forces are quite substantial, Coriolis effect forces associated with tornadoes are for practical purposes negligible.
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13.
Surface ocean currents are driven by the movement of wind over the water's surface, the Coriolis effect force affects the movement of ocean currents and cyclones as well.
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14.
Air within high-pressure systems rotates in a direction such that the Coriolis effect force is directed radially inwards, and nearly balanced by the outwardly radial pressure gradient.
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15.
Air around low-pressure rotates in the opposite direction, so that the Coriolis effect force is directed radially outward and nearly balances an inwardly radial pressure gradient.
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16.
Coriolis effect strongly affects the large-scale oceanic and atmospheric circulation, leading to the formation of robust features like jet streams and western boundary currents.
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17.
Coriolis effect acceleration is responsible for the propagation of many types of waves in the ocean and atmosphere, including Rossby waves and Kelvin waves.
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18.
Practical impact of the "Coriolis effect" is mostly caused by the horizontal acceleration component produced by horizontal motion.
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19.
The force produced by the Eotvos Coriolis effect is similar to the horizontal component, but the much larger vertical forces due to gravity and pressure suggest that it is unimportant in the hydrostatic equilibrium.
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20.
Since vertical movement is usually of limited extent and duration, the size of the Coriolis effect is smaller and requires precise instruments to detect.
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21.
The Coriolis effect can be considered in three cases: when the train travels west, when it is at rest, and when it travels east.
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22.
In each case, the Coriolis effect can be calculated from the rotating frame of reference on Earth first, and then checked against a fixed inertial frame.
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23.
Above example can be used to explain why the Eotvos Coriolis effect starts diminishing when an object is traveling westward as its tangential speed increases above Earth's rotation .
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24.
The graph shows that the Eotvos Coriolis effect is not symmetrical, and that the resulting downward force experienced by an object that travels west at high velocity is less than the resulting upward force when it travels east at the same speed.
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25.
Coriolis effect force is important in external ballistics for calculating the trajectories of very long-range artillery shells.
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26.
Coriolis effect caused by the rotation of the Earth can be seen indirectly through the motion of a Foucault pendulum.
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27.
Practical application of the Coriolis effect is the mass flow meter, an instrument that measures the mass flow rate and density of a fluid flowing through a tube.
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28.
Coriolis effect forces resulting from linear motion of these appendages are detected within the rotating frame of reference of the insects' bodies.
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