18 Facts About CPR

1.

Current recommendations place emphasis on early and high-quality chest compressions over artificial ventilation; a simplified CPR method involving only chest compressions is recommended for untrained rescuers.

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2.

In general, CPR is continued until the person has a return of spontaneous circulation or is declared dead.

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3.

CPR is indicated for any person unresponsive with no breathing or breathing only in occasional agonal gasps, as it is most likely that they are in cardiac arrest.

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4.

CPR is used on people in cardiac arrest in order to oxygenate the blood and maintain a cardiac output to keep vital organs alive.

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5.

Therefore, in general CPR is effective only if performed within seven minutes of the stoppage of blood flow.

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6.

The most important aspect of CPR are: few interruptions of chest compressions, a sufficient speed and depth of compressions, completely relaxing pressure between compressions, and not ventilating too much.

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7.

Adults with cardiac arrest, compression-only CPR which involves chest compressions without artificial ventilation is recommended as the method of choice for the untrained rescuer or those who are not proficient as it is easier to perform and instructions are easier to give over a phone.

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8.

Compression-only CPR is not as good for children who are more likely to have cardiac arrest from respiratory causes.

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9.

Cooling during CPR is being studied as currently results are unclear whether or not it improves outcomes.

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10.

Defibrillation is not indicated if the heart has completely stopped, as in asystole or pulseless electrical activity, in those cases a normal CPR would be used to oxygenate the brain until the heart function can be restored.

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11.

Mechanical CPR has not seen as much use as mechanical ventilation; however, use in the prehospital setting is increasing.

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12.

In cities such as Seattle where CPR training is widespread and defibrillation by EMS personnel follows quickly, the survival rate is about 20 percent for all causes and as high as 57 percent if a witnessed "shockable" arrest.

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13.

Similarly in-hospital CPR is more successful when arrests are witnessed or are in the ICU or in patients wearing heart monitors, where the arrests are noticed immediately, as shown in the table and graph later in this article.

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14.

Measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide during CPR reflects cardiac output and can predict chances of ROSC.

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15.

However, the effectiveness of this CPR is variable, and the studies suggest only around half of bystander CPR is performed correctly.

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16.

Younger people are far more likely to have CPR attempted on them before the arrival of emergency medical services.

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17.

CPR is often severely misrepresented in movies and television as being highly effective in resuscitating a person who is not breathing and has no circulation.

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18.

CPR has continued to advance, with recent developments including an emphasis on constant, rapid heart stimulation, and a de-emphasis on the respiration aspect.

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