10 Facts About Cyclophosphamide

Cyclophosphamide, known as cytophosphane among other names, is a medication used as chemotherapy and to suppress the immune system.

Cyclophosphamide is in the alkylating agent and nitrogen mustard family of medications.

Cyclophosphamide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1959.

Cyclophosphamide is used to treat minimal change disease, severe rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Goodpasture syndrome and multiple sclerosis.

Cyclophosphamide, used in combination with thalidomide or lenalidomide and dexamethasone has documented efficacy as an off-label treatment of AL amyloidosis.

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Cyclophosphamide is a pregnancy category D drug and causes birth defects.

Cyclophosphamide has been found to significantly increase the risk of premature menopause in females and of infertility in males and females, the likelihood of which increases with cumulative drug dose and increasing patient age.

Cyclophosphamide-induced leukemia will often involve complex cytogenetics, which carries a worse prognosis than de novo AML.

Cyclophosphamide metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine unchanged, and drug dosing should be appropriately adjusted in the setting of renal dysfunction.

Cyclophosphamide has relatively little typical chemotherapy toxicity as ALDHs are present in relatively large concentrations in bone marrow stem cells, liver and intestinal epithelium.