Four serotypes of the Dengue virus have been found, a reported fifth has yet to be confirmed, all of which can cause the full spectrum of disease.
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13 Facts About Dengue virus
2.
Dengue virus has increased dramatically within the last 20 years, becoming one of the worst mosquito-borne human pathogens which tropical countries have to deal with.
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3.
Until a few hundred years ago, dengue virus was transmitted in sylvatic cycles in Africa, Southeast Asia and South Asia between mosquitoes of the genus Aedes and nonhuman primates, with rare emergences into human populations.
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4.
The global spread of dengue virus has followed its emergence from sylvatic cycles and the primary lifecycle now exclusively involves transmission between humans and Aedes mosquitoes.
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5.
Dengue virus is transmitted by species of the mosquito genus Aedes.
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6.
Mutations of NS4A that affect interaction with NS4B abolished or severely reduced virus replication indicating the importance of NS4A and its interaction with NS4B in dengue reproduction.
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7.
Dengue virus is found in tropical and subtropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semiurban areas.
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8.
The Dengue virus is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female mosquitoes, though humans are not capable of transmitting the disease and are not contagious.
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9.
The previous antibodies to the old strain of dengue virus now interfere with the immune response to the current strain, leading paradoxically to more virus entry and uptake.
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10.
Indeed, dengue virus has many nonstructural proteins that allow the inhibition of various mediators of the innate immune system response.
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11.
Furthermore, the innate immune system's response to the Dengue virus is further damped as expression of interferon-stimulating gene is restricted by the aforementioned 'NS4B' protein.
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12.
Dengue virus is transmitted by the mosquito species Aedes aegypti, which produces saliva that contains over 100 unique proteins, including the protein family D7.
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13.
The mosquito's saliva was thought to make the Dengue virus spread faster due to the weakened immune response of its host.
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