19 Facts About DNA computing

DNA computing is an emerging branch of unconventional computing which uses DNA, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional electronic computing.

In 1995, the idea for DNA computing-based memory was proposed by Eric Baum who conjectured that a vast amount of data can be stored in a tiny amount of DNA computing due to its ultra-high density.

Field of DNA computing can be categorized as a sub-field of the broader DNA nanoscience field started by Ned Seeman about a decade before Len Adleman's demonstration.

In 2003, John Reif's group first demonstrated the idea of a DNA computing-based walker that traversed along a track similar to a line follower robot.

DNA computing managed to solve an instance of the directed Hamiltonian path problem.

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The DNA computing enzymes are divided among the bins in such a way as to ensure that the best the human player can achieve is a draw, as in real tic-tac-toe.

Kevin Cherry and Lulu Qian at Caltech developed a DNA computing-based artificial neural network that can recognize 100-bit hand-written digits.

Such localized DNA computing techniques have shown to potentially reduce the computation time by orders of magnitude.

Subsequent research on DNA computing has produced reversible DNA computing, bringing the technology one step closer to the silicon-based computing used in PCs.

Beside simple strand displacement schemes, DNA computing computers have been constructed using the concept of toehold exchange.

Full stack for DNA computing looks very similar to a traditional computer architecture.

In 2010, Erik Winfree's group showed that DNA computing can be used a substrate to implement arbitrary chemical reactions.

Catalytic DNA computing catalyze a reaction when interacting with the appropriate input, such as a matching oligonucleotide.

Design called a stem loop, consisting of a single strand of DNA computing which has a loop at an end, are a dynamic structure that opens and closes when a piece of DNA computing bonds to the loop part.

Enzyme-based DNA computing computers are usually of the form of a simple Turing machine; there is analogous hardware, in the form of an enzyme, and software, in the form of DNA computing.

Benenson, Shapiro and colleagues have demonstrated a DNA computing computer using the FokI enzyme and expanded on their work by going on to show automata that diagnose and react to prostate cancer: under expression of the genes PPAP2B and GSTP1 and an over expression of PIM1 and HPN.

DNA computing is a form of parallel computing in that it takes advantage of the many different molecules of DNA to try many different possibilities at once.

For certain specialized problems, DNA computing computers are faster and smaller than any other computer built so far.

Slow processing speed of a DNA computing computer is compensated by its potential to make a high amount of multiple parallel computations.