25 Facts About Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly in the family Drosophilidae.

Drosophila melanogaster is typically used in research owing to its rapid life cycle, relatively simple genetics with only four pairs of chromosomes, and large number of offspring per generation.

Drosophila melanogaster is a holometabolous insect, so it undergoes a full metamorphosis.

Gonadotropic hormones in Drosophila melanogaster maintain homeostasis and govern reproductive output via a cyclic interrelationship, not unlike the mammalian estrous cycle.

Drosophila melanogaster is often used for life extension studies, such as to identify genes purported to increase lifespan when mutated.

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Sexually naive D melanogaster males are known to spend significant time courting interspecifically, such as with D simulans flies.

However, after D simulans or other flies incapable of copulation have rejected the males' advances, D melanogaster males are much less likely to spend time courting nonspecifically in the future.

Mechanism that affects courtship behavior in Drosophila melanogaster is controlled by the oscillator neurons DN1s and LNDs.

Drosophila melanogaster remains one of the most studied organisms in biological research, particularly in genetics and developmental biology.

Drosophila melanogaster was among the first organisms used for genetic analysis, and today it is one of the most widely used and genetically best-known of all eukaryotic organisms.

Drosophila melanogaster had historically been used in laboratories to study genetics and patterns of inheritance.

However, D melanogaster has importance in environmental mutagenesis research, allowing researchers to study the effects of specific environmental mutagens.

Drosophila melanogaster genes are traditionally named after the phenotype they cause when mutated.

Drosophila melanogaster is being used as a genetic model for several human diseases including the neurodegenerative disorders Parkinson's, Huntington's, spinocerebellar ataxia and Alzheimer's disease.

In 2020, a dense connectome of half the central brain of Drosophila melanogaster was released, along with a web site that allows queries and exploration of this data.

Embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster has been extensively studied, as its small size, short generation time, and large brood size makes it ideal for genetic studies.

When Drosophila melanogaster develop at cold temperatures they will have greater cold tolerance, but if cold-reared flies are maintained at warmer temperatures their cold tolerance decreases and heat tolerance increases over time.

Drosophila melanogaster flies have both X and Y chromosomes, as well as autosomes.

Drosophila melanogaster possesses several immune mechanisms to both shape the microbiota and prevent excessive immune responses upon detection of microbial stimuli.

Unlike mammals, Drosophila melanogaster have innate immunity but lack an adaptive immune response.

Multiple elements of the Drosophila melanogaster JAK-STAT signalling pathway bear direct homology to human JAK-STAT pathway genes.

However Drosophila melanogaster hemocytes do not renew over the adult lifespan, and so the fly has a finite number of hemocytes that decrease over the course of its lifespan.

Drosophila melanogaster are known to exhibit grooming behaviors that are executed in a predictable manner.

Drosophila melanogaster consistently begin a grooming sequence by using their front legs to clean the eyes, then the head and antennae.

Drosophila melanogaster is sometimes referred to as a pest due to its tendency to live in human settlements, where fermenting fruit is found.

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