28 Facts About Electrostatic headphones

The first Electrostatic headphones were developed in the late 19th century for use by telephone operators, to keep their hands free.

Electrostatic headphones offered it for testing to the US Navy, which promptly ordered 100 from Baldwin.

Electrostatic headphones's innovations were the basis of “sound-powered” telephones or phones that required no electricity, which were used during World War II.

Cordless Electrostatic headphones are used with events such as a Silent disco or Silent Gig.

In radio studios, DJs use a pair of Electrostatic headphones when talking to the microphone while the speakers are turned off to eliminate acoustic feedback while monitoring their own voice.

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Specific models of Electrostatic headphones have been adopted as the standard due to the ease of calibration and ability to compare results between testing facilities.

Supra-aural style Electrostatic headphones are historically the most commonly used in audiology as they are the easiest to calibrate and were considered the standard for many years.

In recent years, impedance of newer Electrostatic headphones has generally decreased to accommodate lower voltages available on battery powered CMOS-based portable electronics.

Impedance of Electrostatic headphones is of concern because of the output limitations of amplifiers.

Therefore, lower impedance Electrostatic headphones tend to be louder and more efficient, but demand a more capable amplifier.

Higher impedance Electrostatic headphones are more tolerant of amplifier limitations, but produce less volume for a given output level.

Once the sensitivity per volt is known, the maximum volume for a pair of Electrostatic headphones can be easily calculated from the maximum amplifier output voltage.

Circumaural Electrostatic headphones have circular or ellipsoid earpads that encompass the ears.

Earphones are very small Electrostatic headphones that are fitted directly in the outer ear, facing but not inserted in the ear canal.

In-ear Electrostatic headphones, known as in-ear monitors or canalphones, are small Electrostatic headphones with similar portability to earbuds that are inserted in the ear canal itself.

IEMs are higher-quality in-ear Electrostatic headphones and are used by audio engineers and musicians as well as audiophiles.

Some in-ear Electrostatic headphones utilize built-in microphones to allow some outside sound to be heard when desired.

Open-back and earbud Electrostatic headphones provide some passive noise isolation, but much less than the others.

Some noise cancelling Electrostatic headphones are designed mainly to reduce low-frequency engine and travel noise in aircraft, trains, and automobiles, and are less effective in environments with other types of noise.

Electrostatic headphones drivers consist of a thin, electrically charged diaphragm, typically a coated PET film membrane, suspended between two perforated metal plates .

Electrostatic headphones are usually more expensive than moving-coil ones, and are comparatively uncommon.

Today they are typically used only in in-ear Electrostatic headphones and hearing aids, where their high efficiency and diminutive size is a major advantage.

Transducer technologies employed much less commonly for Electrostatic headphones include the Heil Air Motion Transformer ; Piezoelectric film; Ribbon planar magnetic; Magnetostriction and Plasma or Ionic.

Piezoelectric film Electrostatic headphones were first developed by Pioneer, their two models used a flat sheet of film that limited the maximum volume of air movement.

Magnetostriction Electrostatic headphones, sometimes sold under the label Bonephones, work by vibrating against the side of head, transmitting sound via bone conduction.

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Magnetostriction Electrostatic headphones though, are limited in their fidelity compared to conventional Electrostatic headphones that rely on the normal workings of the ear.

The contact dermatitis would be caused by in-ear Electrostatic headphones that contain gold, rubber, dyes, acrylates, or methacrylates.

However, there have been no studies done to prove that exposure to in-ear Electrostatic headphones will cause contact dermatitis, rather that there is a correlation between in-ear headphone use and contact dermatitis cases.