The extreme case of a dependent ascent is underwater rescue or recovery of an unconscious or unresponsive diver, but this is more usually referred to as diver rescue, and emergency ascent is usually used for cases where the distressed diver is at least partially able to contribute to the management of the ascent.
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An emergency ascent usually implies that the diver initiated the ascent voluntarily, and made the choice of the procedure.
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In 1977 a formal policy regarding training of emergency ascent procedures was adopted by five major American recreational diver certification agencies: NASDS, NAUI, PADI, SSI and YMCA.
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Buoyancy from added air can be controlled during Emergency ascent by dumping, but the effect of ditched weights is not reversible, and usually increases as the surface is approached, particularly if a thick wetsuit is worn.
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Method of buoyancy control which will automatically jettison weights if the diver loses consciousness during the Emergency ascent is to take them off and hold them in a hand while surfacing.
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Also known as octopus assisted ascent, assisted ascent is an emergency ascent during which the diver is provided with breathing gas by another diver via a demand valve other than the one in use by the donor during the ascent.
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The procedure of slowly letting the air escape during Emergency ascent can be taken too far, and not allow the air to escape fast enough, with similar consequences.
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One of the dangers of a free Emergency ascent is hypoxia due to using up the available oxygen during the Emergency ascent.
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Loss of consciousness during Emergency ascent is likely to lead to drowning, particularly if the unconscious diver is negatively buoyant at that point and sinks.
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Risk of decompression sickness during an emergency ascent is probably no greater than the risk during a normal ascent at the same ascent rate after the same dive profile.
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In effect, the same ascent rate and decompression profile should be applied in an emergency ascent as in a normal ascent, and if there is a decompression requirement in the planned dive, steps should be taken to mitigate the risk if having to make an ascent without stops.
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In freediving the usual emergency ascent involves ditching the diver's weightbelt to increase buoyancy and reduce the effort required.
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