35 Facts About Fernand Braudel

Fernand Braudel was a French historian and leader of the Annales School.

Fernand Braudel's scholarship focused on three main projects: The Mediterranean, Civilization and Capitalism, and the unfinished Identity of France.

Fernand Braudel was a member of the Annales School of French historiography and social history in the 1950s and 1960s.

Fernand Braudel can be considered one of the precursors of world-systems theory.

Fernand Braudel was born in Lumeville-en-Ornois, in the departement of the Meuse, France.

Fernand Braudel's father, who was a natural mathematician, aided him in his studies.

Fernand Braudel studied a good deal of Latin and a little Greek.

Fernand Braudel was educated at the Lycee Voltaire and the Sorbonne, where at the age of 20 he was awarded an agrege in history.

Sao Paulo still lacked a university and in 1934 francophile Julio de Mesquita Filho invited anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss and Fernand Braudel to help establish one.

Fernand Braudel had started archival research on his doctorate on the Mediterranean when he fell under the influence of the Annales School around 1938.

Fernand Braudel worked with Lucien Febvre, who would later read the early versions of Braudel's magnum opus and provide him with editorial advice.

Fernand Braudel was held at a POW camp in Mainz from 1940 to 1942 before being transferred to a POW camp near Lubeck, where he remained for the rest of the war.

Fernand Braudel became the leader of the second generation of Annales historians after 1945.

In 1947, with Febvre and Charles Moraze, Fernand Braudel obtained funding from the Rockefeller Foundation in New York and founded the noted Sixieme Section for "Economic and social sciences" at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes.

Fernand Braudel received an additional $1 million from the Ford Foundation in 1960.

In 1962, he and Gaston Berger used the Ford Foundation grant and government funds to create a new independent foundation, the Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, which Fernand Braudel directed from 1970 until his death.

Fernand Braudel articulated that most surviving historical sources come from the literate wealthy classes.

Fernand Braudel emphasized the importance of the ephemeral lives of slaves, serfs, peasants, and the urban poor, demonstrating their contributions to the wealth and power of their respective masters and societies.

Fernand Braudel's work was often illustrated with contemporary depictions of daily life, rarely with pictures of noblemen or kings.

In 1949, Fernand Braudel was elected to the College de France upon Febvre's retirement.

Fernand Braudel co-founded the academic journal, Revue economique, in 1950.

The second level of time comprises long-term social, economic, and cultural history, where Fernand Braudel discusses the Mediterranean economy, social groupings, empires and civilizations.

Change at this level is much more rapid than that of the environment; Fernand Braudel looks at two or three centuries in order to spot a particular pattern, such as the rise and fall of various aristocracies.

This, for Fernand Braudel, is the time of surfaces and deceptive effects.

Fernand Braudel's Mediterranean is centered on the sea, but just as important, it is the desert and the mountains.

Fernand Braudel wrote the series both as a way of explanation for the modern way and partly as a refutation of the Marxist view of history.

Fernand Braudel discussed the idea of long-term cycles in the capitalist economy that he saw developing in Europe in the 12th century.

Fernand Braudel used the word "structures" to denote a variety of social structures, such as organized behaviours, attitudes, and conventions, as well as physical structures and infrastructures.

Fernand Braudel argued that the structures established in Europe during the Middle Ages contributed to the successes of present-day European-based cultures.

Fernand Braudel argued that capitalists have typically been monopolists and not, as is usually assumed, entrepreneurs operating in competitive markets.

Fernand Braudel argued that capitalists did not specialize and did not use free markets, thus diverging from both liberal and Marxian interpretations.

Fernand Braudel asserted that capitalists have had power and cunning on their side as they have arrayed themselves against the majority of the population.

Fernand Braudel argued that France was the product not of its politics or economics but rather of its geography and culture, a thesis Fernand Braudel explored in a wide-ranging book that saw the bourg and the patois: historie totale integrated into a broad sweep of both the place and the time.

Fernand Braudel's followers admired his use of the longue duree approach to stress the slow and often imperceptible effects of space, climate and technology on the actions of human beings in the past.

Binghamton University in New York had a Fernand Braudel Center until 2020, and there is an Instituto Fernand Braudel de Economia Mundial in Sao Paulo, Brazil.