For example, Formal reasoning is the means by which rational individuals understand sensory information from their environments, or conceptualize abstract dichotomies such as cause and effect, truth and falsehood, or ideas regarding notions of good or evil.
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Formal reasoning defined the highest human happiness or well being as a life which is lived consistently, excellently, and completely in accordance with reason.
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Formal reasoning formulated such a principle, called the "categorical imperative", which would justify an action only if it could be universalized:.
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Formal reasoning thus described reason as a group of three autonomous spheres :.
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Formal reasoning used the word speech as an English version of the Greek word logos so that speech did not need to be communicated.
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Formal reasoning logic has been described as the science of deduction.
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The study of inductive reasoning is generally carried out within the field known as informal logic or critical thinking.
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Analogical Formal reasoning is a form of inductive Formal reasoning from a particular to a particular.
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Abductive Formal reasoning, or argument to the best explanation, is a form of Formal reasoning that doesn't fit in deductive or inductive, since it starts with incomplete set of observations and proceeds with likely possible explanations so the conclusion in an abductive argument does not follow with certainty from its premises and concerns something unobserved.
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Formal reasoning fallacies occur when there is a problem with the form, or structure, of the argument.
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An informal fallacy is an error in reasoning that occurs due to a problem with the content, rather than mere structure, of the argument.
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Formal reasoning asked what really can be said about what is natural to mankind.
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Formal reasoning was particularly influenced by the great Muslim philosopher Al-Farabi.
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