18 Facts About Fuel injection

Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector.

In passenger car petrol engines, fuel injection was introduced in the early 1950s and gradually gained prevalence until it had largely replaced carburettors by the early 1990s.

The primary difference between carburetion and fuel injection is that fuel injection atomizes the fuel through a small nozzle under high pressure, while a carburettor relies on suction created by intake air accelerated through a Venturi tube to draw fuel into the airstream.

Typically, the only thing in common all fuel injection systems have is a lack of carburetion.

In practice, an ideal fuel injection system does not exist, but there is a huge variety of different fuel injection systems with certain advantages and disadvantages.

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However, common-rail Fuel injection is a relatively complex system, which is why in some passenger cars that do not use diesel engines, a multi-point manifold Fuel injection system is used instead.

All fuel injection systems comprise three basic components: they have at least one fuel injector, a device that creates sufficient injection pressure, and a device that meters the correct amount of fuel.

Unit Fuel injection systems have made it into series production in the past, but proved to be inferior to common-rail Fuel injection.

Single-point Fuel injection uses one injector in a throttle body mounted similarly to a carburettor on an intake manifold.

Single-point Fuel injection was a relatively low-cost way for automakers to reduce exhaust emissions to comply with tightening regulations while providing better "driveability" than could be obtained with a carburettor.

Multi-point injection injects fuel into the intake ports just upstream of each cylinder's intake valve, rather than at a central point within an intake manifold.

The most common automotive continuous Fuel injection system is the Bosch K-Jetronic system, introduced in 1974 and used until the mid-1990s by various car manufacturers.

Direct injection means that an engine only has a single combustion chamber and that the fuel is injected directly into this chamber.

Direct injection is well-suited for a huge variety of fuels, including petrol and diesel fuel.

The first engine with petrol direct Fuel injection was a two-stroke aircraft engine designed by Otto Mader in 1916.

Manifold injection was phased in through the latter 1970s and 80s at an accelerating rate, with the German, French, and U S markets leading and the UK and Commonwealth markets lagging somewhat.

Fuel injection systems are gradually replacing carburettors in these nations too as they adopt emission regulations conceptually similar to those in force in Europe, Japan, Australia, and North America.

Subsequently, common-rail direct Fuel injection was introduced in passenger car diesel engines, with the Fiat 1.