Golgi apparatus, known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
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16 Facts About Golgi apparatus
2.
The term "Golgi apparatus" was used in 1910 and first appeared in the scientific literature in 1913, while "Golgi complex" was introduced in 1956.
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3.
In mammals, a single Golgi apparatus is usually located near the cell nucleus, close to the centrosome.
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4.
In plants, Golgi apparatus stacks are not concentrated at the centrosomal region and do not form Golgi apparatus ribbons.
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5.
The common feature among Golgi apparatus is that they are adjacent to endoplasmic reticulum exit sites.
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6.
In most eukaryotes, the Golgi apparatus is made up of a series of compartments and is a collection of fused, flattened membrane-enclosed disks known as cisternae, originating from vesicular clusters that bud off the endoplasmic reticulum.
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7.
Golgi apparatus tends to be larger and more numerous in cells that synthesize and secrete large amounts of substances; for example, the antibody-secreting plasma B cells of the immune system have prominent Golgi complexes.
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8.
The compartmentalization of the Golgi apparatus is advantageous for separating enzymes, thereby maintaining consecutive and selective processing steps: enzymes catalyzing early modifications are gathered in the cis face cisternae, and enzymes catalyzing later modifications are found in trans face cisternae of the Golgi stacks.
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9.
Golgi apparatus is a major collection and dispatch station of protein products received from the endoplasmic reticulum .
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10.
The Golgi apparatus is involved in lipid transport and lysosome formation.
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11.
Enzymatic reactions within the Golgi apparatus stacks occur exclusively near its membrane surfaces, where enzymes are anchored.
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12.
The Golgi apparatus adds a mannose-6-phosphate label to proteins destined for lysosomes.
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13.
Enzymes in the Golgi apparatus append proteins to glycosaminoglycans, thus creating proteoglycans.
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14.
Those proteins destined for areas of the cell other than either the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus are moved through the Golgi cisternae towards the trans face, to a complex network of membranes and associated vesicles known as the trans-Golgi network .
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15.
Treatment of cells with BFA thus disrupts the secretion pathway, promoting disassembly of the Golgi apparatus and distributing Golgi proteins to the endosomes and ER.
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16.
Three-dimensional projection of a mammalian Golgi apparatus stack imaged by confocal microscopy and volume surface rendered using Imaris software.
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