12 Facts About Grandizo Munis

Grandizo Munis was a Spanish Trotskyist politician turned left-communist following his break with the Fourth International.

Grandizo Munis was arrested on February 13,1938 but the next year, shortly before the fall of Barcelona, he was able to escape the Monjuic Prison, cross Franco's lines and eventually pass over the border to France.

Grandizo Munis made his fate public in an interview with the French Trotskyist newspaper La Lutte Ouvriere published in its February 24 and March 3,1939, issues.

Grandizo Munis spent the remainder of the war years in Mexico, where he reestablished a section of the Fourth International among Spanish exiles.

Grandizo Munis managed to produce two issues of a printed magazine 19 de Julio, then began a mimeographed periodical, Contra la Corriente.

Grandizo Munis was assisted in this effort by the French surrealist poet Benjamin Peret, who had fled to Mexico.

Grandizo Munis rejected united fronts with Stalinist parties and key parts of the Transitional Program including nationalization and a government of traditional workers parties.

Grandizo Munis was supported in some of these criticism by Natalya Sedova, the widow of Leon Trotsky.

At the Second World Congress of the Fourth International Grandizo Munis blocked with Max Shachtman of the Workers Party but was eventually condemned by the Secretariat.

Grandizo Munis was released in 1957 and returned to Paris, where he began publishing a new organ, Alarma.

Grandizo Munis had followers in several other countries and in the late 1970s these were organized into the Revolutionary Workers Ferment with sections in France, Italy, Greece and the United States.

Grandizo Munis wrote many articles and books in his life, the best known being A Second Communist Manifesto and a history of the Spanish Civil War.