76 Facts About Grigory Yavlinsky

Grigory Alekseyevich Yavlinsky is a Russian economist and politician.

Grigory Yavlinsky has held numerous positions in the Soviet and Russian governments across different levels, including in the State Duma.

Grigory Yavlinsky holds a PhD in economics from the Central Economic Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; his doctoral dissertation was entitled "The socio-economic system of Russia and the problem of its modernisation".

Grigory Yavlinsky is a professor at the National Research University Higher School of Economics.

Grigory Yavlinsky's father, Aleksei Yavlinsky, was an officer, and his mother, Vera Naumovna, a chemistry teacher at an institute.

Grigory Yavlinsky is related to Natan Yavlinsky, the nuclear physicist who invented tokamak.

Grigory Yavlinsky decided to become an economist during his school years.

Grigory Yavlinsky's job was to draft new unified work instructions for the coal industry.

Grigory Yavlinsky was the first person in the USSR to complete this assignment.

Grigory Yavlinsky saw it as an opportunity to see the world hidden behind the propaganda posters.

Grigory Yavlinsky reported about the horrible conditions in which the coal miners lived and worked, but his reports had no impact.

In 1980, Grigory Yavlinsky was assigned to the USSR State Committee for Labour and Social Affairs in charge of the heavy industry sector.

Grigory Yavlinsky identified two different ways to enhance the efficiency of the system: either establish total control over every move of every worker in the country or alternatively give enterprises more independence.

Grigory Yavlinsky was head of the Joint Economic Department of the Government of the USSR.

In October 1990, when it became clear that his programme would not be implemented, Grigory Yavlinsky resigned from the government.

However, when Yeltsin signed the Belavezh Accords, which led to the breakup of the Soviet Union and the rupture of all political and economic connections between the former Soviet republics, Grigory Yavlinsky left again as a sign of protest against Yeltsin's actions.

In 1992, Grigory Yavlinsky served as advisor to Boris Nemtsov who was at the time the Governor of Nizhny Novgorod Region.

Later their paths diverged, as Nemtsov sided with Yeltsin's government on most issues, eventually becoming deputy prime minister and one of the founders and leaders of the Union of Right Forces, while Grigory Yavlinsky became the leader of the liberal opposition to Yeltsin.

In 1993, as the conflict intensified between Yeltsin and the parliament over the shock therapy programme, Grigory Yavlinsky had high ratings in the polls as a potential presidential candidate and the image of an independent, centrist politician, untainted by corruption.

When Yeltsin set the date for the elections to the new parliament and a constitutional referendum for 12 December 1993, Grigory Yavlinsky had to cobble together an electoral bloc in haste, as he had no party of his own, and had to recruit existing parties as co-founders.

Grigory Yavlinsky's bloc was co-founded by three of them, the Republican Party of the Russian Federation, Social Democratic Party of Russia and Christian Democratic Party of Russia, all three tilting on most issues toward the Yeltsin camp.

Grigory Yavlinsky established himself as a leader of the democratic opposition.

In September 1998, after Russia's 1998 financial crash brought down Sergei Kirienko's government, Grigory Yavlinsky proposed the candidacy of Yevgeny Primakov who was elected Prime Minister in spite of resistance from Yeltsin, his family and entourage.

However, Grigory Yavlinsky declined Primakov's offer to join his Communist-dominated government as deputy prime minister for social policies and soon joined the ranks of his critics on the liberal side.

Later in 1999 Grigory Yavlinsky criticised Primakov as a throwback to the stagnation days of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev.

Grigory Yavlinsky said Primakov relied too much on communists and other leftists who do not understand modern economics.

However, Grigory Yavlinsky warned Yeltsin against sacking the entire government, as he believed that this would have set up a showdown with the State Duma of the kind that had led Primakov to be appointed Prime Minister in the first place.

In May 1999, Grigory Yavlinsky joined forces with the Communist Party in an attempt to impeach Yeltsin.

Grigory Yavlinsky said that this was a warning to all politicians that they would be judged for their actions.

Just as the Communists began to nod their assent, Grigory Yavlinsky attacked them, dismissing the other charges as politically inspired.

In 1996 and 2000, Grigory Yavlinsky ran for president with the backing of his party and other organizations.

Grigory Yavlinsky never concealed his lukewarm view of the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 which occurred while he was negotiating an economic treaty among the republics.

Grigory Yavlinsky was at times critical of US policies toward Russia, particularly under the Clinton administration.

Under the Putin presidency, Grigory Yavlinsky remained an active opponent of any military solution to the problems in Chechnya.

Grigory Yavlinsky's party campaigned against imports of radioactive waste into Russia, thereby building a crucial alliance with environmental NGOs, as well as with human rights organisations, labour unions, women associations, and ethnic minority groups.

Grigory Yavlinsky was an uncompromising critic of the government reforms under Putin of the housing and utilities sector and the energy sector.

Grigory Yavlinsky has had difficult relations with the authorities both under Yeltsin and under Putin.

Grigory Yavlinsky became even more outspoken about the assault on democratic freedoms in Russia and insisted that Putin's policies represented a direct continuation of Yeltsin's policies.

Grigory Yavlinsky refused to run for president in 2004, claiming that Putin had rigged the elections to the point of making them meaningless.

However, Yabloko and Grigory Yavlinsky himself supported the longshot and largely symbolic candidacy of emigre dissident Vladimir Bukovsky who in the end failed to clear legal obstacles to his registration.

On 22 June 2008, Grigory Yavlinsky stepped down as party leader at Yabloko's 15th congress, proposing in his place the candidacy of Moscow City Duma deputy Sergey Mitrokhin who was elected as the new party chairman.

Grigory Yavlinsky remained a member of Yabloko's Political Committee and a regular spokesman for the party, particularly in local election campaigns.

Grigory Yavlinsky argues that the world of money should not be viewed as separate from culture and society: he believes that the financial crisis was merely a symptom of a wider moral collapse, and that it is time to examine how we live:.

In September 2011 Grigory Yavlinsky was appointed head of the electoral list of Yabloko Party for the State Duma elections of the sixth convocation by a resolution of the party's congress.

Grigory Yavlinsky, who headed the party list for these elections, agreed to head the Yabloko fraction in Saint Petersburg and received the mandate of a state deputy on 14 December 2011.

On 18 December 2011 Grigory Yavlinsky was nominated by the Yabloko Party congress as the party's candidate for the Russian presidential elections scheduled for 4 March 2012.

At the elections of deputies of the Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg of the 5th convocation Grigory Yavlinsky was the only candidate in the municipal part of Yabloko's list and on this basis headed the party at the Saint Petersburg elections.

Grigory Yavlinsky participated in plenary sessions, committee sessions, would see constituents and address their concerns.

Grigory Yavlinsky wrote that a social contract had existed in Ukraine until the end of autumn 2013: the people had been prepared to endure Yanukovych as long as they could see the country moving towards Europe.

In October 2014, the Federal Political Committee of the Yabloko Party on the initiative of Grigory Yavlinsky adopted a decision to assess developments in the Donbas, stating in particular:.

In 2017 Grigory Yavlinsky developed a peace plan for Donbas consisting of 10 points.

Grigory Yavlinsky stated that the State Duma campaign should be perceived exclusively as part of preparations for the Russian presidential elections in 2018.

At the Yabloko Party congress in July 2016 Grigory Yavlinsky declared that society must establish a comprehensive alternative to Vladimir Putin at the impending presidential elections, and start fighting for this choice:.

Grigory Yavlinsky dubbed the Russo-Ukrainian War a crime and condemned the military operation in Syria as senseless.

Grigory Yavlinsky noted that the Russian economy was being destroyed by politics, and that if this did not stop, Russia might soon end up as an underdeveloped country for good, inevitably leading to the country's collapse, given its size and borders with the most unstable regions.

Summarising the election results, Grigory Yavlinsky said that the importance of Yabloko's participation in these elections was to tell the truth: on the criminal nature of the war with Ukraine, the senselessness of the war in Syria, the need to rectify the Crimean problem, the depleted nature of the economic system and the dead end facing the country.

In 2017 Grigory Yavlinsky developed a peace plan for the Donbas, consisting of 10 points.

Grigory Yavlinsky cited the rise in poverty as a key indicator of the detrimental nature of Russia's politics.

Grigory Yavlinsky held that reducing poverty and eliminating the excessive stratification of society was the priority objective that the new President of Russia would have to resolve.

Grigory Yavlinsky's programme prioritised reforms of the judiciary, the inviolability of private property, the independence of the mass media and online freedom.

When participating in the presidential elections, Grigory Yavlinsky was aware that he would not defeat the current Head of State Vladimir Putin.

Grigory Yavlinsky ran on the assumption that a high level of support for the candidate from the democratic opposition would lead to material adjustments to current policies.

On 22 December 2017 Grigory Yavlinsky was officially nominated as the Yabloko Party's candidate in the presidential elections.

On 21 January 2020 Grigory Yavlinsky announced the start of work on an alternative package of amendments to the Constitution, including the drafting and submission of fundamentally different amendments to the Constitution to the court of public opinion.

Immediately after the voting, Grigory Yavlinsky declared that this was the ill-fated end of the era of post-Soviet modernisation and the start of the destruction of law for the country as a whole.

One of the most common complaints was that Grigory Yavlinsky had criticised a prisoner.

Grigory Yavlinsky noted that the ultimate goal of Navalny's political plan was to organise the next "smart voting" campaign for the State Duma elections in autumn 2021.

Grigory Yavlinsky believes that this happened in part owing to widespread involvement in the smart voting strategy:.

Grigory Yavlinsky did not stand in the elections to the State Duma of the 8th convocation.

Grigory Yavlinsky stated that the Russian regime perceived the widespread voting for Communists as a signal on the admissibility of intensifying repressions and on the need to consolidate Russia's imperialist policy.

In public speeches, Grigory Yavlinsky has been calling for an immediate ceasefire agreement, the exchange of prisoners and the bodies of the dead and the start of peaceful negotiations between Russia and Ukraine, and has offered to participate in person in negotiations on the exchange of prisoners and the bodies of the dead.

On 1 July 2023 Grigory Yavlinsky publicised seven key talking points on a cease fire in Ukraine.

Live on the YouTube channel Zhivoy Gvozd, Grigory Yavlinsky commented in detail on each point and called on the media and others to start working on informing the public that a cease-fire agreement must be concluded as the only possible path to peace:.

Some observers considered Grigory Yavlinsky to be a likely presidential candidate in 2024, considering him to be the only remaining noteworthy politician opposed to the war with Ukraine to have neither been killed nor imprisoned.

Grigory Yavlinsky ultimately declined to participate in the election in late December 2023.

Grigory Yavlinsky declined to reveal who was behind the attack and their demands, but said he "did everything to ensure the safety of his children".