1. Gyula Germanus, alias Julius Abdulkerim Germanus, was a Hungarian professor of oriental studies, writer and Islamologist, member of the Hungarian Parliament and member of multiple Arabic academies of science, who made significant contributions to the study of the Arabic language, history of language and cultural history.
Gyula Germanus was a follower of the famous orientalist, Sir Armin Vambery and became a scholar of world repute.
Julius Gyula Germanus was born in Budapest on 6 November 1884 into a middle-class family.
Gyula Germanus's father, Alexander Germanus, was a leather merchant and shoemaker of Jewish descent; his mother, Rosalia Zobel, was of Zipser German origin.
Gyula Germanus devoured historical books in the original French and German.
Gyula Germanus was not very talented in music, but the great effort had its effect, and at 13 with his sister, he interpreted some pieces of Bach and Mozart.
The young Gyula Germanus loved nature and, while staying in the country, couldn't help going into the stable to pat the horses.
Gyula Germanus decided to be master of both, but had difficulties with Persian.
Father Alexander Gyula Germanus frowned on his sons dreaming; he was worried that Julius might get into evil ways.
Gyula Germanus stayed with an Armenian family and read law at the University of Constantinople.
Gyula Germanus's path led him not only towards East; he was attending lectures balkanology, archeology and German literature in Leipzig and Vienna.
Gyula Germanus had to escort special ambassadorial carriages, as a deputy of the Hungarian department of the Red Crescent.
Gyula Germanus was doing this, in July 1915, when a train to Anatolia was found to contain weapons and explosives hidden among medicines and bandages.
Gyula Germanus was deeply disappointed in the men he had known in his scholarship years spent in Constantinople.
Gyula Germanus served with the Red Crescent, in the Gallipoli campaign in the Dardanelles, where he was wounded and taken prisoner.
Gyula Germanus was given a 'Mecidiye order' from the first and an 'Osmanie order' from the later.
Gyula Germanus's illness was detected much later, which led to a prolonged recovery of more than two years.
Gyula Germanus was his faithful and fond partner during the Indian years.
Gyula Germanus became the secretary of the Hungarian PEN Club, on the recommendation of John Galsworthy, the English novelist and playwright.
Gyula Germanus was one of the individuals that inspired the organization of the Bulgarian PEN Club in the fall of 1926, and the Egyptian PEN Club in 1936.
Gyula Germanus saw how the dreams of his youth, about positive changes in Turkey, had gone sour as the years passed.
Gyula Germanus wrote two essays about the Turkish cultural transformation in French: La civilisation turque moderne and Pensees sur la revolution turque.
Gyula Germanus was disappointed, stopped the trip, and visited Bulgaria, Macedonia, Sofia and Belgrade instead.
Gyula Germanus met Dr Zakir Husain, later the third President of Republic of India, and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, later the first Vice President and the second President of the Republic of India.
Gyula Germanus spent three years in Bengal, with his wife Hajnoczy Rozsa, and taught an always a growing group of Islamic pupils under an open sky.
Gyula Germanus increased his knowledge of Islamic culture and history.
In 1934, with financial support from the state, Gyula Germanus travelled through the Middle East, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
Gyula Germanus was supported by his Egyptian writer friends, who mellowed the rigour of grand sheik Muhammad al-Ahmadi al-Zawahiri, the uncompromising head of the University, who had not wanted Europeans to enter his Institute.
At that time there was deep poverty among the students of Al-Azhar, but for Gyula Germanus it was like Mecca, being able to experience the feeling of being a Muslim student, the inspiration of Quran studies, and the everyday life of the students.
Gyula Germanus travelled incognito through the hidden territories of the Arabian Peninsula.
Gyula Germanus was even able to investigate the Black Stone, since he was once a leading student of Geology.
Gyula Germanus considered a great honour when he was invited to the royal tent of King Abdul Aziz ibn Saud during the Hajj.
Gyula Germanus had to give up his scientific research work and to return to Europe.
Gyula Germanus spent several days in Athens recovering from the illness.
Since had to leave Medina so suddenly, forced by illness, Gyula Germanus considered his work incomplete.
Gyula Germanus thought that only he would enter the holy territories of Arabia to finish further studies.
In Egypt Gyula Germanus visited his writer and scholar friends again.
Gyula Germanus's companions thought that his life was already beyond hope, but his faithful Arab friend was intractable and did not allow the others to leave the European traveller in the desert, or to kill his camel.
Gyula Germanus had met Kajari Kato, at an exhibition in 1939.
Gyula Germanus found a good student, a helpful colleague and a good wife in her.
Gyula Germanus's works were published in Italian: the book "Sulle orme di Maometto",1938, Milan, and the translation of "Allah Akbar".
Gyula Germanus worked at the Turkish philologic professorship in the Peter Pazmany University, Eotvos Lorand University from November 1949, under the leadership of Gyula Nemeth.
Gyula Germanus was a university delegate and did not join the Party.
Gyula Germanus continued working at the professorship of Arabic literature and cultural history as a lecturer.
Gyula Germanus was released from duty only in 1964, at the age of 80.
Gyula Germanus accepted invitations from the Scientific Academy of Cairo, other universities in Alexandria, Cairo, Damascus, and eight Indian universities to give lectures about Islamic cultural history in English and Arabic.
Gyula Germanus visited Dina bint 'Abdu'l-Hamid, Queen of Jordan, and Talal ibn Abd al-Aziz, Prince of Saud.
Gyula Germanus revisited Indian cities to refresh his memories of Bombay, Delhi, Aligarh, Patna, Agra, Hyderabad, Calcutta, Lucknow and Santiniketan.
Gyula Germanus kept his inauguration at the Academy of Baghdad in 1962.
Gyula Germanus was invited to the 'Festival for the 1200th anniversary of the foundation of Baghdad'.
Gyula Germanus was asked to visit Mecca, to take part in the Islamic Conference.
Gyula Germanus worked his entire life until his last days.