1. Harland Bartholomew was the first full-time urban planner employed by an American city.
14 Facts About Harland Bartholomew
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Harland Bartholomew was born in Stoneham, Massachusetts, on September 14,1889.
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Harland Bartholomew moved to New York City when he was 15 and attended Erasmus High School in Brooklyn.
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Harland Bartholomew completed two years of a civil engineering degree at Rutgers University but ran out of money to continue its completion.
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Harland Bartholomew was later awarded an honorary degree in civil engineering from Rutgers University in 1921.
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In 1917, Harland Bartholomew was a founding member of the American City Planning Institute and headed one of the largest planning consulting firms in the United States.
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From 1918 to 1956, Harland Bartholomew taught civic design at the University of Illinois and made substantial contributions to the scholarly and practice literature in city planning.
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Harland Bartholomew published dozens of studies and articles in venues including the City Planning Conference Proceedings, American City, The "Annals of the American Academy of Social and Political Science", American Civic Annual, City Planning, the "Journal of Land and Public Utility Economics", and the National Conference on City Planning Bulletin.
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Harland Bartholomew wrote on topics such as the theory and practice of zoning, street widening, cost distribution, placement of railroads, easements, federal buildings in cities, growth controls, economic disintegration, subdivision layout, slum clearance, metropolitan and regional planning, and the role of neighborhoods in the plan process.
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Harland Bartholomew's career was noted particularly by the Eisenhower administration for his work on the Washington Metro, as chairman of the National Capital Planning Commission, and as a leading advocate of society-first planning for freeways.
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Harland Bartholomew advanced the concept of identifying "obsolete neighborhoods" through cost accounting, and was a major advocate for functional single-use zoning and for automobile-oriented planning.
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In St Louis, Harland Bartholomew used planning to maintain racial segregation in cooperation with local realtor associations.
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In several other cities, Harland Bartholomew's planning was found to be in line with racial, social, and economic segregation.
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Harland Bartholomew drew upon racially-inequitable metaphors in the 1947 St Louis city plan to spur residents to accept the necessity of his planning recommendations.