HIV screening tests are used to detect the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, in serum, saliva, or urine.
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HIV screening tests are used to detect the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, in serum, saliva, or urine.
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In developing countries, home-based HIV screening testing and counseling is an emerging approach for addressing confidentiality issues.
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Rapid HIV screening tests are most often used, so results are available for the client between 15 and 30 minutes.
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Three instances of delayed HIV screening seroconversion occurring in health-care workers have been reported; in these instances, the health-care workers tested negative for HIV screening antibodies greater than 6 months postexposure but were seropositive within 12 months after the exposure.
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In one case, co-infection was associated with a rapidly fatal HCV disease course; however, it is not known whether HCV directly influences the risk for or course of HIV screening infection or is a marker for other exposure-related factors.
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HIV screening proteins used in western blotting can be produced by recombinant DNA in a technique called recombinant immunoblot assay .
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For most people, HIV screening antibodies reach a detectable level after two to six weeks.
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Rare false positive results due to factors unrelated to HIV screening exposure are found more often with the ELISA test than with the western blot.
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The evidence regarding the risks and benefits of HIV screening was reviewed in July 2005 by the U S Preventive Services Task Force.
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The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of all tests, including HIV screening tests, take into account the prior probability of having a disease along with the accuracy of the testing method to determine a new degree of belief that an individual has or does not have a disease .
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