11 Facts About Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands .

HPA Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has a central role in regulating many homeostatic systems in the body, including the metabolic system, cardiovascular system, immune system, reproductive system and central nervous system.

The HPA Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in turn modulates the immune response, with high levels of cortisol resulting in a suppression of immune and inflammatory reactions.

The HPA Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is responsible for modulating inflammatory responses that occur throughout the body.

HPA Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a feature of mammals and other vertebrates.

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Studies on people show that the HPA Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is activated in different ways during chronic stress depending on the type of stressor, the person's response to the stressor and other factors.

HPA Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was present in the earliest vertebrate species, and has remained highly conserved by strong positive selection due to its critical adaptive roles.

The programming of the HPA Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is strongly influenced by the perinatal and early juvenile environment, or "early-life environment".

Glucocorticoids produced by the HPA Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis have been proposed to confer either a protective or harmful role, depending on an individual's genetic predispositions, programming effects of early-life environment, and match or mismatch with one's postnatal environment.

Ultimately, the conservation of the HPA Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has underscored its critical adaptive roles in vertebrates, so, too, various invertebrate species over time.

The HPA Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis plays a clear role in the production of corticosteroids, which govern many facets of brain development and responses to ongoing environmental stress.