Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53.
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21 Facts About Iodine
2.
Iodine occurs in many oxidation states, including iodide, iodate, and the various periodate anions.
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3.
Iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities.
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4.
Iodine is used as a catalyst in the industrial production of acetic acid and some polymers.
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5.
Iodine noted that the vapour crystallised on cold surfaces, making dark crystals.
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6.
Iodine gave some of the substance to chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, and to physicist Andre-Marie Ampere .
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7.
Iodine is the fourth halogen, being a member of group 17 in the periodic table, below fluorine, chlorine, and bromine; it is the heaviest stable member of its group.
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8.
Iodine is violet when dissolved in carbon tetrachloride and saturated hydrocarbons but deep brown in alcohols and amines, solvents that form charge-transfer adducts.
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9.
Iodine is a two-dimensional semiconductor with a band gap of 1.
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10.
Iodine-123 has a half-life of thirteen hours and decays by electron capture to tellurium-123, emitting gamma radiation; it is used in nuclear medicine imaging, including single photon emission computed tomography and X-ray computed tomography scans.
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11.
Iodine-125 has a half-life of fifty-nine days, decaying by electron capture to tellurium-125 and emitting low-energy gamma radiation; the second-longest-lived iodine radioisotope, it has uses in biological assays, nuclear medicine imaging and in radiation therapy as brachytherapy to treat a number of conditions, including prostate cancer, uveal melanomas, and brain tumours.
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12.
Iodine is quite reactive, but it is much less reactive than the other halogens.
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13.
Iodine oxides are the most stable of all the halogen oxides, because of the strong I–O bonds resulting from the large electronegativity difference between iodine and oxygen, and they have been known for the longest time.
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14.
Iodine is the least abundant of the stable halogens, comprising only 0.
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15.
Iodine value is the mass of iodine in grams that is consumed by 100 grams of a chemical substance typically fats or oils.
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16.
Iodine numbers are often used to determine the amount of unsaturation in fatty acids.
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17.
Iodine-131 is a component of nuclear fallout, and is particularly dangerous owing to the thyroid gland's propensity to concentrate ingested iodine and retain it for periods longer than this isotope's radiological half-life of eight days.
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18.
Iodine clock reaction, is a popular educational demonstration experiment and example of a seemingly oscillating reaction .
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19.
Iodine is an essential element for life and, at atomic number Z = 53, is the heaviest element commonly needed by living organisms.
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20.
Iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable intellectual disability, a result that occurs primarily when babies or small children are rendered hypothyroidic by a lack of the element.
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