37 Facts About Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo was an Indonesian politician and advocate.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo took part in the nationalist movement, being a co-founder of the Indonesian National Party and being arrested along with its other leaders in 1929.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo's policies favoring the Indonesian National Party were controversial for other parties, and he was replaced in the succeeding Wilopo Cabinet.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo returned to government office as Minister of Economic Affairs in the First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet, where he became entangled in a graft scandal.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo was eventually found guilty and sentenced to prison, but he received a pardon from President Sukarno.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo remained active in the PNI and attempted to reunite the party during a 1965 split, until withdrawing from party politics after PNI's fusion into the Indonesian Democratic Party in the New Order period.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo was born in the village of Ngepeh, in Jombang Regency, on 11 July 1896.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo's parents were Javanese nobility, and his father worked as a civil servant for the colonial government.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo began schooling at a village school, before moving to Nganjuk to enter Europeesche Lagere School between 1904 and 1911.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo continued his studies at Rechts-Hogeschool in Batavia, and between 1917 and 1922 he worked in legal courts - initially as an assistant at the district courts of Madiun and Ponorogo, then as a jury in Magelang, a clerk at the high court in Surabaya, and finally a judge at the district court in Semarang.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo then enrolled at the University of Leiden, graduating in 1925 and being awarded a Meester in de Rechten title.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo was still interested in politics and when he graduated on 30 June 1925 and returned to Java in 1926, he decided against working for the colonial government.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo later moved to Bandung and founded another law office there, and left leadership of the Batavia office to Sartono.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo was one of the founders of the General Study Club in Bandung, formed on 29 November 1925.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo moved to Surabaya and set up a law office there, and then to Makassar in 1930, setting up another office.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo then left for Manado, leaving the Makassar office to future foreign minister Soenario, and set up yet another law office.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo later became a member of another nationalist political party Partindo, before later joining the Great Indonesia Party after Partindo's dissolution.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo abolished a traditional system of tax-exempt religious villages in Banyumas.

On 18 July 1946, Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo was appointed as resident of Surakarta, with local militia figure Sudiro as his deputy.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo later took part in the Renville Agreement, a meeting between Indonesian and Dutch leaders to demarcate boundaries between territories controlled by the two sides.

Some two weeks after his appointment, Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo issued an order to cease the functioning of regional legislatures.

In July 1951, Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo agreed with the DPV to return half of its plantation, which had by now been occupied by local farmers.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo was replaced as Minister of Home Affairs by Mohammad Roem.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo would serve as the foundation's chairman until mid-1982.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo returned to a cabinet post as the Minister of Economic Affairs in the First Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo's policy was controversial, being opposed by economists such as Minister of Finance Ong Eng Die, Bank Indonesia chairman Sjafruddin Prawiranegara and alienating coalition parties such as Nahdlatul Ulama and the Indonesian Islamic Union Party.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo himself admitted that licenses were often sold at over twice its face value.

Additionally, Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo replaced many high-ranking officials of state-owned banks and government bodies under the ministry with PNI members.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo was again investigated in April 1958, and was formally accused of graft.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo maintained his private law practices and worked there when not in office.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo was eventually convicted of nine months in prison, fined, and had some of his assets seized.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo's appeal was rejected, but he received a pardon from President Sukarno, whom he had co-founded the PNI with.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo attempted to organize a committee to reunite the party, but this was not accepted by the incumbent leadership led by Party Chairman Ali Sastroamidjojo.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo attempted to organize a party congress ahead of schedule, but this did not bear fruit and instead meetings between the opposing factions were organized by Suharto in March 1966.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo was appointed as chairman for an emergency party congress, which was held on 24 April 1966 in Bandung.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo refused to participate in the new party, instead founding the "Marhaenism Foundation" in 1980 and the "Indonesian National Movement" in 1982 in an attempt to organize former PNI members.

Iskaq Tjokrohadisurjo died on 11 September 1984 due to a heart attack and related complications.