12 Facts About Islamic fundamentalism

Islamic fundamentalism has been defined as a puritanical, revivalist, and reform movement of Muslims who aim to return to the founding scriptures of Islam.

Definitions vary as to what Islamic fundamentalism exactly is and how, if at all, it differs from Islamism or Islamic revivalism.

The term Islamic fundamentalism has been deemed misleading by those who suggest that all mainstream Muslims believe in the literal divine origin and perfection of the Quran and are therefore "fundamentalists", and others who believe it is a term that is used by outsiders in order to describe perceived trends within Islam.

Some Islamic fundamentalism fundamentalists include Sayyid Qutb, Ibn Saud, Abul Ala Mawdudi, and Israr Ahmed.

Islamic fundamentalism traditionally tends to fall into "traditionalist" and "reformist" tendencies:.

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Term "Islamic fundamentalism" has been criticized by Bernard Lewis, Khaled Abou El Fadl, Eli Berman, and John Esposito, among others.

The first phase of proto-Islamic fundamentalism emerged during the late 19th century in wake of backlash against the Western colonial onslaught.

Islamic fundamentalism advocated fundamentalist causes through the early Islamic journal Al-Manar that operated for about thirty-five years and popularised his political theory of Islamic state after the First World War; as an alternative model against rising currents of secularism and nationalism.

Emergence of the next phase occurred in the context of the de-colonialisation era following the Second World War, during which Islamic fundamentalism fundamentalists were persecuted by authoritarian regimes and became radicalized.

Osama b Ladin and Al-Qa?ida belong to a fourth phase of Islamic fundamentalism, known as Salafi-jihadism, a movement that strives to move the battle against "infidelity" on an international scale; since the turn of the twenty-first century.

Muslim critics of Islamic fundamentalism often draw a parallel between the modern fundamentalist movement and the 7th century Khawarij sect.

Islamic fundamentalism's push for sharia and an Islamic state has come into conflict with conceptions of the secular, democratic state, such as the internationally supported Universal Declaration of Human Rights.