Schools of Islamic theology are various Islamic schools and branches in different schools of thought regarding ?aqidah.
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11 Facts About Islamic theology
2.
The main schools of Islamic Theology include the Qadariyah, Falasifa Jahmiyya, Murji'ah, Mu?tazila, Batiniyya, Ash?ari, Maturidi, and Athari.
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3.
However, modern historians and scholars of Islamic studies recognize that some instances of theological thought were already developed among polytheistic Pagans in pre-Islamic Arabia, such as the belief in fatalism, which reoccurs in Islamic theology regarding the metaphysical debates on the attributes of God in Islam, predestination, and human free-will.
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4.
One of the earliest systematic schools of Islamic theology to develop was the Mu?tazila in the mid-8th century CE.
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5.
Traditionalist Islamic theology rejects the use of kalam, regarding humans reason as sinful in unseen matters.
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6.
Islamic theology was noted for his teachings on atomism, among the earliest Islamic philosophies, and for al-Ash?ari this was the basis for propagating the view that God created every moment in time and every particle of matter.
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7.
Islamic theology nonetheless believed in free will, elaborating the thoughts of Dirar ibn 'Amr and Abu Hanifa into a "dual agent" or "acquisition" account of free will.
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8.
Al-Ash?ari established a middle way between the doctrines of the Athari and Mu?tazila schools of Islamic theology, based both on reliance on the sacred scriptures of Islam and theological rationalism concerning the agency and attributes of God.
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9.
Islamic theology was an exponent of extreme determinism according to which a man acts only metaphorically in the same way in which the sun acts or does something when it sets.
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10.
The tension between free will and God's omnipotence was later reconciled by the Maturidi school of Islamic theology, which asserted that God grants human beings their agency, but can remove or otherwise alter it at any time.
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11.
The later schools of Sunni Islamic theology adopted their stance while form more developed theological schools and concepts.
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