1. Jacobo Timerman was a Soviet-born Argentine publisher, journalist, and author, who is most noted for his confronting and reporting the atrocities of the Argentine military regime's Dirty War during a period of widespread repression in which an estimated 30,000 political prisoners were disappeared.
Jacobo Timerman was persecuted, tortured and imprisoned by the Argentine junta in the late 1970s and was exiled in 1979 with his wife to Israel.
Jacobo Timerman was widely honored for his work as a journalist and publisher.
In Israel, Timerman wrote and published his most well-known book, Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number, a memoir of his prison experience that added to his international reputation.
Jacobo Timerman returned to Argentina in 1984, and testified to the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons.
Jacobo Timerman continued to write, publishing books in 1987 about Chile under the Augusto Pinochet regime and in 1990 about Cuba under Fidel Castro.
Jacobo Timerman was born in Bar, Ukraine, to Jewish parents Eve Berman and Nathan Jacobo Timerman.
Jacobo Timerman took a job at age 12 after the death of his father.
Jacobo Timerman met his future wife, Risha Mindlin, at a Zionist conference in Mendoza.
Jacobo Timerman gained work as a journalist and rose in his profession, reporting for various publications including the Agence France-Presse, Mail, What, News Charts, New Zion, and Commentary.
Jacobo Timerman became fluent in English as well as Spanish.
Jacobo Timerman gained experience and reported on Argentine and South American politics.
In 1962, Jacobo Timerman founded Primera Plana, an Argentine news-weekly often compared to the American publication, Time magazine.
From 1971 to 1977, Jacobo Timerman edited and published the left-leaning daily La Opinion.
Jacobo Timerman believed that his paper was the only one that dared to report accurately on current affairs without hiding the events behind euphemisms.
Jacobo Timerman later wrote in Prisoner Without a Name, "During my journalistic career, particularly as publisher and editor of La Opinion, I received countless threats".
Jacobo Timerman continued to publish La Opinion for a year after the coup.
Jacobo Timerman had been under suspicion of financing the left-wing Montoneros guerrillas through money laundering of millions of dollars derived from their kidnapping ransoms.
The kidnapping and detention of Jacobo Timerman were found to have been ordered by General Guillermo Suarez Mason and his Batallon de Inteligencia 601.
Jacobo Timerman wrote later that he was arrested by "the extremist sector of the army", which "was the heart of Nazi operations in Argentina".
Jacobo Timerman said his captors accused him of involvement in the "Andinia Plan".
Jacobo Timerman believed that these jailers spared his life because they saw him as a potentially crucial source of information about the plan.
Jacobo Timerman was subjected to electric shock torture, beatings, and solitary confinement.
Jacobo Timerman was acquitted by a military court in October 1977.
At one point, soon after Patt Derian had prodded Videla about the case, Jacobo Timerman was summoned to appear before the Minister of the Interior.
Jacobo Timerman became the single most famous Argentine political prisoner of the Dirty War.
The reluctance of the Jewish establishment in Argentina to defend Jacobo Timerman added to Israel's difficulties in choosing a way to respond to the political crisis in the country.
The Israeli government secretly pressured Argentina to free Jacobo Timerman, but did not make public demands as it did on behalf of Jews in the Soviet Union.
Not much progress had been made before Jacobo Timerman was released in 1979.
Jacobo Timerman condemned Henry Kissinger for supporting the military regime, even after President Jimmy Carter took office.
Jacobo Timerman later said that Argentine dissidents all rooted for the Dutch football team, out of appreciation for the Netherlands' efforts to counteract the regime's self-promotion.
One of the escorting Israelis, Pinhas Avivi, advised Jacobo Timerman to remain quiet about his imprisonment.
Jacobo Timerman disregarded this advice and gave a press conference by telephone as soon as he landed in Madrid.
Jacobo Timerman traveled to Israel, arriving in time for Yom Kippur.
Jacobo Timerman made an agreement with Ma'ariv to write six articles on his imprisonment.
Jacobo Timerman was dissuaded from publishing the articles by Foreign Ministry director Yosef Chechanover.
Jacobo Timerman met with him in October 1979 and argued that an expose would endanger "disappeared" Jews and their families in Argentina.
The Foreign Ministry pressed for relocation of the ceremony on 25 May 1980, when Jacobo Timerman was to receive the Golden Pen of Freedom Award, from the Knesset to a room in Hebrew University.
Jacobo Timerman said the publisher had been released because of his Judaism.
In Tel Aviv, Jacobo Timerman wrote and published Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number, a memoir about his experience in Argentina, which covered the larger political issues.
Jacobo Timerman was invited to lecture about his experience in Israel, Europe, Canada, and the United States, which increased his international recognition and publicized the human rights situation in Argentina.
President Videla complained to a newly appointed Israeli ambassador in 1980 that Jacobo Timerman was "orchestrating a campaign to defame Argentina around the world".
The Argentine government maintained that Jacobo Timerman had been arrested mostly because of his involvement with David Graiver.
Argentine diplomats continued to pressure Israel on the topic, saying that Jacobo Timerman "takes the name of the Holocaust in vain by comparing Argentina today with Nazi Germany".
Israel reduced its official discussion of Jacobo Timerman, retracting from the Southern Cone a pamphlet that discussed awards he received in Israel.
Jacobo Timerman wrote that Timerman "was destroying the bases of society" with La Opinion, particularly its "cultural supplements and section on international politics".
Jacobo Timerman called Timerman a "champion" of Marxism, "the heresy of modern times".
In 1981, Jacobo Timerman publicly opposed US President Ronald Reagan's nomination of Ernest Lefever as Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs.
When Jacobo Timerman attended a hearing of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee pertaining to Lefever, his presence brought additional attention to the issue of human rights in Argentina.
Jacobo Timerman had praised Patt Derian, who had held the Human Rights position during his imprisonment.
Jacobo Timerman continued, discussing human rights and US foreign policy:.
Jacobo Timerman's opposition is credited with ensuring the failure of the Lefever nomination.
Jacobo Timerman became the object of increasing political controversy in the US.
Jacobo Timerman was deeply disturbed by the 1982 Lebanon War although he had been an ardent Zionist for most of his life.
Jacobo Timerman compared Israel's treatment of Palestinians to South Africa's treatment of Blacks under Apartheid.
Jacobo Timerman included an epilogue about the Sabra and Shatila massacre, a mass slaughter of Palestinians in Lebanon refugee camps that occurred in September 1982.
Jacobo Timerman held the Israel Defense Forces and the government's foreign policy responsible.
Jacobo Timerman was one of the earliest and most outspoken Israeli critics of the war, and his status as a Zionist human rights advocate made his opinion difficult to discount.
Jacobo Timerman was shunned by some Israelis and American Jews after his criticism.
Sometime after the publication of The Longest War, Jacobo Timerman left Israel with his wife.
Jacobo Timerman moved to Madrid and then to New York.
Jacobo Timerman became director of La Razon, but published articles in other papers.
Jacobo Timerman noted that Israelis and some Americans who had formerly given him awards were unhappy with his criticism of Israel.
In 1987, Jacobo Timerman released Chile: Death in the South, a critical examination of life under the dictator Augusto Pinochet.
Jacobo Timerman argues that Chilean centrists and right-wing must be prepared to step in and govern in place of the military.
Jacobo Timerman suggested that the Catholic Church would play an important role in renewal of the country.
Jacobo Timerman suggested that little political change could be achieved in the country until Castro's rule ended.
Jacobo Timerman was an early critic of Carlos Saul Menem of the Justicialist Party, who became a presidential candidate after serving as governor of La Rioja Province.
In 1988, during the presidential campaign, Jacobo Timerman criticized Menem's plan to establish a free port at Isla Martin Garcia, saying it would encourage drug trafficking and money laundering.
Jacobo Timerman was acquitted in the trial, as well as in an appeals trial.
Jacobo Timerman warned that Argentina was slipping back into totalitarianism, and wrote "I hardly live in Argentina anymore" due to fear of meeting a former torturer.
Jacobo Timerman's health was failing; he had a heart attack and later surgery after a stroke.
In 1996, with journalist Horacio Verbitsky, novelist Tomas Eloy Martinez, and others, Jacobo Timerman co-founded a press freedom organization in Buenos Aires known as Periodisitas.
Jacobo Timerman had written to the Court, declining to defend the case again, from Uruguay, where he had retired.
Jacobo Timerman noted that the President of the Supreme Court was an associate of Menem's in their law practice in La Rioja.
Jacobo Timerman died of a heart attack in Buenos Aires on 11 November 1999.
Daniel Jacobo Timerman settled in Israel, where he and his wife had three children.
Hector Jacobo Timerman returned to Argentina and became an author and journalist.
Jacobo Timerman served as Argentina's Foreign Minister in the 21st century.
Jacobo Timerman was previously Consul in New York and was appointed Ambassador to the United States of America in December 2007.
Javier Jacobo Timerman settled in New York with his wife and three children.