1. Jean-Antoine Chaptal was a founder and the first president of the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry.
52 Facts About Jean-Antoine Chaptal
1. 2.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal was an organizer of industrial expositions held in Paris.
3.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal compiled a study surveying the condition and needs of French industry in the early 1800s.
4.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal was an industrial producer of hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric acids, and was sought after as a technical consultant for the manufacture of gunpowder.
5.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal published works which drew on Antoine Lavoisier's theoretical chemistry to make advances in wine-making.
6.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal promoted adding sugar to increase the final alcohol content of wines, now referred to as "chaptalization".
7.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal was born in Nojaret in southwestern France, the youngest son of small landowners, Antoine Jean-Antoine Chaptal and Francoise Brunel.
8.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal attended courses on chemistry at the Ecole de Medicine given by Jean-Baptiste-Michel Bucquet.
9.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal returned to Montpellier in 1780 to a salaried chair in chemistry at the university.
10.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal then wrote Memoires de chimie reporting his early studies in chemistry.
11.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal reported regularly on his studies in chemistry applied to industry and agriculture for the Societe Royale des Sciences de Montpellier.
12.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal communicated with the Controller General's department in Paris in 1782 regarding his projects for bottle-making, dyeing and the manufacture of artificial soda.
13.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal's articles were published by the Academie Royale des Sciences and in the Annales de chimie.
14.
In 1790, Jean-Antoine Chaptal published the scientific treatise, Elements of Chemistry which introduced the term "nitrogen".
15.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal estimated his losses because of the Revolution at 500,000 francs, almost all of his fortune.
16.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal then began to build up a second large chemicals industry near Paris at Ternes, an enterprise managed after 1808 by his son, Jean-Baptiste Chaptal.
17.
In 1798, Jean-Antoine Chaptal was elected a member of the prestigious Chemistry Section of the Institut de France, he became president of the section in 1802.
18.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal was replaced after six weeks by Napoleon's younger brother, Lucien Bonaparte.
19.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal was then moved into position, first with appointment to Napoleon's Council of State, then acting Minister of Interior, and finally confirmed in the position.
20.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal remained in this office until his resignation on 6 August 1804.
21.
When Jean-Antoine Chaptal took over at the Ministry of Interior, ten years of Revolution and war had produced much disruption.
22.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal's work focussed on reconstruction and reorganization across multiple accumulated civic and infrastructure problems.
23.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal worked to design and implement a new administrative structure and a new primary and secondary educational system.
24.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal created a Bureau of Statistics for his ministry to gather basic data from each of the departments on population and the condition of agriculture, commerce and industry.
25.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal sponsored the formation of Councils of Agriculture, Arts and Commerce in each of France's departments ; Chambers of Commerce were reestablished in 23 of the largest cities and Chambres Consultatives des Arts et Manufactures were organized in 150 of the smaller urban areas.
26.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal believed that his ministry should play an active role in forging a new industrial order capable of competing with England.
27.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal was proud of the 1801 establishment of the Societe d'Encouragement pour l'industrie nationale, patterned after the successful English society founded in London in 1754, the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce.
28.
Closely related to this initiative, Jean-Antoine Chaptal resumed Francois de Neufchateau's plan for periodic expositions in Paris of the products of industry.
29.
Emmanuel-Anatole Jean-Antoine Chaptal wrote that his great-grandfather was "the voice of commerce, agriculture and industry" for Napoleon.
30.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal resigned as Minister of Interior on August 6,1804.
31.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal wrote to Napoleon that he wanted to return to his scientific endeavors.
32.
In 1802, Jean-Antoine Chaptal purchased the Chateau de Chanteloup and its extensive grounds in Touraine, near Amboise.
33.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal raised merino sheep and experimented there in his later years on a model farm for the cultivation of sugar beets.
34.
At Chanteloup, Jean-Antoine Chaptal wrote his applied science reports, entertained notables and made himself available for consultations.
35.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal had chemical factories there at Ternes and Nanterre.
36.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal was doing well producing a variety of industrial acids, alum and soda.
37.
In 1804 Jean-Antoine Chaptal bought a new home in Paris, the Hotel de Mailly, at No 70 rue de Grenelle-Saint-Germain.
38.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal began to frequent meetings of the Society of Arcueil, an association of scientists who gathered at the homes of Berthollet and Laplace in Arcueil.
39.
The meetings at his home at Arcueil were a way for Jean-Antoine Chaptal to keep up-to-date with discoveries in pure science.
40.
Napoleon named Jean-Antoine Chaptal Count of the Empire and Count of Chanteloup.
41.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal was called back during the Hundred Days to serve as Napoleon's Minister of Agriculture, Commerce and Industry.
42.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal temporarily returned to his Chanteloup estate when Louis XVIII assumed the throne.
43.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal declined an invitation by the American consul to move to the United States of America.
44.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal's turned over the management of his chemical industries to his son.
45.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal eventually resumed his position as president of the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry and organizer of industrial expositions.
46.
In 1818, with the Duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, and Paris bankers Benjamin Delessert, Casimir Perier and others, Jean-Antoine Chaptal helped to found the first French savings bank, the Caisse d'Epargne et de Prevoyance de Paris.
47.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal helped found two important business schools in Paris, the Ecole Speciale de Commerce and the Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures.
48.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal was a member of national and international scientific societies.
49.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal lived long enough to witness the Revolution of 1830 that brought Louis Philippe I to the throne.
50.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal was 76 years old when he died in 1832.
51.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal was buried at the Pere Lachaise cemetery in Paris.
52.
Jean-Antoine Chaptal's name is one of the 72 names of famous French scientists engraved on the Eiffel Tower in Paris.