1. Jean-Pierre Boyer reunited the north and south of the country into the Republic of Haiti in 1820 and annexed the newly independent Spanish Haiti, which brought all of Hispaniola under one Haitian government by 1822.
32 Facts About Jean-Pierre Boyer
1. 2.
Jean-Pierre Boyer was born in Port-au-Prince and was the biracial son of a French tailor and an African mother, a former slave from the Congo.
3.
Jean-Pierre Boyer was sent to France by his father for his education.
4.
Jean-Pierre Boyer later allied himself with Andre Rigaud, of mulatto ancestry, in the latter's abortive insurrection against Toussaint to try to keep control of the southern region of Saint-Domingue.
5.
Jean-Pierre Boyer was reportedly under the influence of his lover, Marie-Madeleine Lachenais, who acted as his political adviser.
6.
When Santo Domingo became independent late in 1821, Jean-Pierre Boyer was quick to occupy and gain control, uniting the entire island under his rule by 9 February 1822.
7.
Jean-Pierre Boyer ruled the island of Hispaniola until 1843, when he lost the support of the ruling elite and was ousted.
8.
Jean-Pierre Boyer went to Jacmel, where he joined forces with mulatto leader, General Andre Rigaud.
9.
Jean-Pierre Boyer was part of the expedition, which arrived in February 1802.
10.
Jean-Pierre Boyer joined forces with other Black rebels to defeat the French.
11.
Jean-Pierre Boyer established himself as Emperor Jacques I Jean-Pierre Boyer was assassinated by opponents in 1806.
12.
In 1818 Petion died and Jean-Pierre Boyer replaced him as the second President of the Republic of Haiti.
13.
Jean-Pierre Boyer believed Haiti had to be acknowledged as an independent nation to maintain its independence, and that this could be established only by cutting a deal with France.
14.
On 11 July 1825, Jean-Pierre Boyer signed an indemnity treaty stipulating that Haiti would pay France indemnities to compensate for the lost property in slaves and trade in exchange for formal diplomatic recognition of its independence.
15.
Jean-Pierre Boyer sought to protect his country from the danger of France or Spain re-taking the Spanish side of the island and using it as a foothold to attack or re-conquer Haiti.
16.
Jean-Pierre Boyer wanted to maintain Haitian independence and secure the freedom of the slaves in Santo Domingo.
17.
On 9 February 1822, Jean-Pierre Boyer formally entered the capital city, Santo Domingo, where Jose Nunez de Caceres handed over the keys to the city.
18.
Jean-Pierre Boyer continued the policy of Petion, his former political mentor, of helping free blacks in other Spanish-American colonies to resist the Spanish crown.
19.
Jean-Pierre Boyer ignored Haitian political opponents who called for reforms, such as parliamentary democracy, and veteran generals of the War of Independence, who believed that the revolution was not complete and that they were being neglected.
20.
The ACS sent Jean-Pierre Boyer questions related to its goal of a colony for American free blacks.
21.
Jean-Pierre Boyer was confident that his government would be able to receive these people.
22.
Jean-Pierre Boyer responded that the government would pay for those who could not afford it, but the ACS would have to take care of the rest of the finances.
23.
Jean-Pierre Boyer was opposed to the idea of an American colony on the island, since the Haitians already feared re-colonization by the French.
24.
Jean-Pierre Boyer told Dewey that the laws of the Haitian government applied to everyone across Haiti.
25.
Jean-Pierre Boyer was anxious to eliminate the threat from France and opened negotiations.
26.
An agreement was reached on 11 July 1825, when Jean-Pierre Boyer signed an indemnity treaty.
27.
Jean-Pierre Boyer had to negotiate a loan from France of 30 million francs to pay the first part of the indemnity.
28.
Jean-Pierre Boyer tried to enforce the semi-feudal fermage system in order to increase agricultural productivity on the island, but the people resisted being tied to other people's lands.
29.
Jean-Pierre Boyer broke up some of the large plantations and distributed land to the small farmers.
30.
Jean-Pierre Boyer's rule lasted until 1843, when the poor economic situation was worsened by the 1842 Cap-Haitien earthquake.
31.
On 13 February 1843, Jean-Pierre Boyer fled Haiti to nearby Jamaica.
32.
Jean-Pierre Boyer eventually settled in exile in France, where he died in Paris in 1850.