15 Facts About Johnston Atoll

Johnston Atoll is an unincorporated territory of the United States, currently administered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service .

Johnston Atoll is a National Wildlife Refuge and part of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument.

When Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1898, during the Spanish–American War, the name of Johnston Atoll Island was omitted from the list of Hawaiian Islands.

Aerial survey and mapping flights over Johnston Atoll were conducted with a Douglas DT-2 floatplane carried on her fantail, which was hoisted into the water for takeoff.

In 1990, two full-time U S Fish and Wildlife Service personnel, a Refuge Manager and a biologist, were stationed on Johnston Atoll to handle the increase in biological, contaminant, and resource conflict activities.

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Johnston Atoll's recommendations caused the Secretary of Defense in December 1970 to issue instructions suspending missile launches and all non-essential aircraft flights.

In February 1941 Johnston Atoll was designated as a Naval Defensive Sea Area and Airspace Reservation.

Between 1958 and 1975, Johnston Atoll was used as an American national nuclear test site for atmospheric and extremely high-altitude nuclear explosions in outer space.

In 1958, Johnston Atoll was the location of the two "Hardtack I" nuclear tests firings.

The subsequent nuclear weapon launch failures from Johnston Atoll caused serious contamination to the island and surrounding areas with weapons-grade plutonium and americium that remains an issue to this day.

Johnston Atoll was subject to large-scale bioweapons testing over four years starting in 1965.

In February, March, and April 1965 Johnston Atoll was used to launch biological attacks against U S Army and Navy vessels 100 miles south-west of Johnston island in vulnerability, defense and decontamination tests conducted by the Deseret Test Center during Project SHAD under Project 112.

Johnston Atoll became a chemical weapons storage site in 1971 holding about 6.

All of the chemical weapons once stored on Johnston Atoll Island were demilitarized and the agents incinerated at JACADS, with the process completed in year 2000, followed by the destruction of legacy hazardous waste material associated with chemical weapon storage and cleanup.

The stripped Johnston Atoll Island was briefly offered for sale with several deed restrictions in 2005 as a "residence or vacation getaway, " with potential usage for "eco-tourism" by the GSA's Office of Real Property Utilization and Disposal.