61 Facts About Jozef Tiso

Jozef Tiso was introduced to priesthood from an early age, and helped combat local poverty and alcoholism in what is Slovakia.

Jozef Tiso joined the Slovak People's Party in 1918 and became party leader in 1938 following the death of Andrej Hlinka.

Jozef Tiso, who was already the prime minister of the autonomous Slovakia, became the Slovak Republic's prime minister, and, in October 1939, he was elected its president.

Jozef Tiso collaborated with Germany in deportations of Jews, deporting many Slovak Jews to extermination and concentration camps in Germany and German-occupied Poland, while some Jews in Slovakia were murdered outright.

Jozef Tiso was born in Bytca to Slovak Latin Catholic parents, in Trencsen County, of the Kingdom of Hungary, part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Jozef Tiso was raised in a religious family and studied at the local elementary school.

Jozef Tiso, taught by several elite professors, became familiar with various philosophies and the newest papal encyclicals.

Jozef Tiso was interested in public affairs and performed extensive educational and social work.

Jozef Tiso blamed the Jewish tavern owners for the rising alcoholism and he was a member of self-help association selling food and clothing cheaper than the local Jewish store.

Jozef Tiso became a member of Nep part and contributed to its Slovak journal Krestan.

Jozef Tiso got first-hand experience with horrors of war, but with Germanisation and Russification of the local population.

Jozef Tiso was inspired by a better organization of the Slovenian national movement.

Jozef Tiso did not return to his parish in Banovce, but he was appointed as the Spiritual Director of the Nitra seminary by Bende's successor, Vilmos Batthyany.

Jozef Tiso was active at this time as a school teacher and journalist.

Jozef Tiso published his experiences from the war.

Jozef Tiso covered religious and educational topics, emphasizing a need for religious literature in Slovak.

Jozef Tiso did not belong to politicians active in the pre-war national movement and his pre-war national orientation has been frequently questioned.

In some of his pre-1918 writings Jozef Tiso complained about the state hierarchy or the ruling Liberal party, but he never denounced the Magyarisation or the Magyar nationalism.

Jozef Tiso understood that the historical Kingdom of Hungary could not be preserved anymore.

Jozef Tiso was named secretary of new Slovak National Council and embraced politics as a career.

In December 1918, Jozef Tiso became a member of the restored Slovak People's Party.

Jozef Tiso first ran for parliament in the 1920 Czechoslovak parliamentary election.

Jozef Tiso easily claimed one in the 1925 election, which resulted in a breakthrough victory for the party.

In 1921 Jozef Tiso was appointed Monsignor by the Vatican, although this appointment lapsed with the later death of Pope Benedict XV.

In 1924, Jozef Tiso left Nitra to become dean of Banovce nad Bebravou.

Jozef Tiso remained the Dean of Banovce for the rest of his political career, returning there regularly every weekend as a Czechoslovak minister, and as later as president.

Jozef Tiso used more radical rhetoric as a journalist, putting aside much of the anti-Jewish rhetoric of his earlier journalistic activities.

Jozef Tiso attacked his opponents and did not always control his emotions.

Jozef Tiso sharply criticized policies of the central government regarding Slovaks and Slovakia.

Jozef Tiso again proved his speaker skills and supported the decision to participate in the government.

Jozef Tiso was more inclined than Hlinka to find compromises with other parties to form alliances, but for a decade after 1929 his initiatives were not successful.

In 1930, Jozef Tiso published The Ideology of the Hlinka's Slovak People's Party explaining his views on the Czech-Slovak relationship.

Jozef Tiso repeated the same idea in his parliamentary speeches.

Jozef Tiso repeatedly declared that HSLS was the only party representing the Slovaks and the only party which spoke for the Slovak nation.

In May 1938, Jozef Tiso held secret negotiations with the Hungarian Foreign Minister Affairs Kalman Kanya during a eucharistic congress in Budapest.

Jozef Tiso declared that Slovakia might be prepared to rejoin Hungary as an autonomous federal state should Czechoslovakia cease to exist.

Jozef Tiso was disappointed by Kanya's attitude and alleged Hungarian historical claims on Slovakia and felt Kanya's behaviour was lofty and arrogant.

Jozef Tiso concluded that Hungary was not seriously interested in a common agreement and was focused more on the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, as was Germany.

When Hlinka died in August 1938, Jozef Tiso quickly consolidated control of the Ludak party.

Jozef Tiso was an official speaker from the party at Hlinka's funeral where he urged national unity and loyalty to the Czechoslovak republic.

Prime Minister Jozef Tiso, who had never led a delegation in similar international negotiations, found himself in a difficult position.

Jozef Tiso opposed the proposals of the Hungarian delegation but acted as a flexible and patient negotiator.

Later, Jozef Tiso was shocked by the First Vienna Award, so much so that he initially refused to sign the protocol.

Jozef Tiso, who was otherwise a relatively pragmatic politician, adopted an unusually firm solution.

In February 1939, Jozef Tiso entered into negotiations with Germany for a fully independent Slovakia, separated from Czechoslovakia.

Jozef Tiso held direct meetings with the German representative Arthur Seyss-Inquart, in which Tiso initially expressed doubts as to whether an independent Slovakia would be a viable entity.

Jozef Tiso was initially Prime Minister from 14 March 1939 until 26 October 1939.

On 1 October 1939, Jozef Tiso officially became President of the Slovak People's Party.

Jozef Tiso however accepted these changes in subsequent conversation with Hitler.

Jozef Tiso himself had anti-semitic views which were widespread in Slovakia.

Jozef Tiso had hoped that compliance would aid in the return of 120,000 Slovak workers from Germany.

Jozef Tiso hesitated and then refused to deport Slovakia's 24,000 remaining Jews.

Jozef Tiso remained in office during the German army's occupation, but his presidency was relegated to a mostly titular role as Slovakia lost whatever de facto independence it had.

Jozef Tiso lost all remnants of power when the Soviet Red Army conquered the last parts of western Slovakia in April 1945.

Jozef Tiso fled first to Austria, then to a Capuchin monastery in Altotting, Bavaria.

The court concluded that Jozef Tiso's government had been responsible for the breakup of the Czechoslovak Republic; and found Jozef Tiso guilty of:.

Jozef Tiso was sentenced to death, to deprivation of his civil rights, and to confiscation of all of his property.

Jozef Tiso appealed to President Edvard Benes and expected a reprieve; his prosecutor had recommended clemency.

Decades later, a DNA test in April 2008 confirmed the found remains as Jozef Tiso; these were exhumed and reinterred in Saint Emmeram's Cathedral in Nitra, in accordance with canon law.

Under communism, Jozef Tiso was formulaically denounced as a clerical Fascist.

At its best, the debate inspired a thoughtful reassessment of Jozef Tiso and encouraged Slovaks to grapple with the legacy of collaboration.