1. Juris Hartmanis was a Latvian-born American computer scientist and computational theorist who, with Richard E Stearns, received the 1993 ACM Turing Award "in recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory".
Juris Hartmanis was a son of Martins Hartmanis, a general in the Latvian Army, and Irma Marija Hartmane.
Juris Hartmanis was the younger brother of the poet Astrid Ivask.
Later in World War II, the wife and children of Martins Juris Hartmanis left Latvia in 1944 as refugees, fearing for their safety if the Soviet Union took over Latvia again.
Juris Hartmanis then moved to the United States, where in 1951 he received a master's degree in applied mathematics at the University of Kansas City and in 1955 a Ph.
Juris Hartmanis was one of the founders and the first chair of its computer science department.
Juris Hartmanis contributed to national efforts to advance computer science and engineering in many ways.
Juris Hartmanis was assistant director of the National Science Foundation Directorate of Computer and Information Science and Engineering from 1996 to 1998.
In 1989, Juris Hartmanis was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering for fundamental contributions to computational complexity theory and to research and education in computing.
Juris Hartmanis was a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery and of the American Mathematical Society, a member of the National Academy of Sciences.
Juris Hartmanis was a foreign member of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, which bestowed him their Grand Medal in 2001 for his contributions to computer science.
Juris Hartmanis continued to make significant contributions to the field of computational complexity for decades.