46 Facts About Karen Horney

Karen Horney was a German psychoanalyst who practised in the United States during her later career.

Karen Horney is credited with founding feminist psychology in response to Freud's theory of penis envy.

Karen Horney disagreed with Freud about inherent differences in the psychology of men and women, and she traced such differences to society and culture rather than biology.

Karen Horney was a ship's captain in the merchant marine, and a Protestant traditionalist.

Karen Horney was said to be more open-minded than Berndt, and yet she was "depressed, irritable, and domineering toward Karen".

Karen Horney had four elder half-siblings from her father's previous marriage.

Karen Horney considered becoming a doctor, even though, at that time, women were not allowed to attend universities.

From roughly the age of nine Karen Horney became ambitious and somewhat rebellious.

In 1904, when Karen Horney was 19, her mother left her father, taking the children with her.

Against her parents' wishes, Karen Horney entered medical school in 1906.

The couple moved to Berlin together, where Oskar worked in industry while Karen Horney continued her studies at the Charite.

The first, born in 1911, was Brigitte Karen Horney, who became a famous actress.

Karen Horney is often thought of primarily as a neo-Freudian member of "the cultural school," which includes Eric Fromm, Harry Stack Sullivan, Clara Thompson, and Abraham Kardiner.

In 1920, Karen Horney was a founding member of the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute.

Karen Horney then took up a teaching position within the Institute.

Karen Horney helped design and eventually directed the Society's training program, taught students, and conducted psychoanalytic research.

Karen Horney saw patients for private psychoanalytic sessions, and continued to work at the hospital.

That same year, Karen Horney's brother died of a pulmonary infection.

Karen Horney entered into a second period of deep depression; she swam out to sea during a vacation and considered committing suicide.

Two years after moving to Chicago, Karen Horney relocated to Brooklyn.

Karen Horney founded this organization after becoming dissatisfied with the generally strict, orthodox nature of the prevailing psychoanalytic community.

Karen Horney founded a journal, the American Journal of Psychoanalysis.

Karen Horney taught at the New York Medical College and continued practising as a psychiatrist until her death in 1952.

Karen Horney looked at neurosis in a different light from other psychoanalysts of the time.

Karen Horney believed these stimuli to be less important, except for influences during childhood.

From her experiences as a psychiatrist, Karen Horney named ten patterns of neurotic needs.

Karen Horney modified these needs somewhat to correspond with what she believed were individuals' neuroses.

The ten needs, as set out by Karen Horney, are as follows:.

Karen Horney delves into a detailed explanation of the above needs in her book 'Neurosis and Human Growth'.

Karen Horney saw narcissism quite differently from Freud, Kohut, and other mainstream psychoanalytic theorists in that she did not posit a primary narcissism but saw the narcissistic personality as the product of a certain kind of early environment acting on a certain kind of temperament.

Mosak states that while there is no direct evidence Alfred Adler and Karen Horney influenced one another, they landed at similar theoretical understandings.

Karen Horney thought Freud had merely stumbled upon women's jealousy of men's generic power in the world.

Karen Horney accepted penis envy might occur occasionally in neurotic women, but stated that "womb envy" occurs just as much in men: Karen Horney felt men were envious of a woman's ability to bear children.

Karen Horney thought men were envious of women because they fulfill their position in society by simply "being", whereas men achieve their manhood according to their ability to provide and succeed.

Karen Horney was a pioneer in the discipline of feminine psychiatry.

Karen Horney de-romanticized the Victorian concept of how a marriage bond should be.

Karen Horney believed both men and women have a drive to be ingenious and productive.

Men satisfy this need only through external ways; Karen Horney proposed that the striking accomplishments of men in work or some other field can be viewed as compensation for their inability to give birth to children.

Karen Horney continually stressed self-awareness was a part of becoming a better, stronger, richer human being.

Karen Horney described case studies of symbiotic relationships between arrogant-vindictive and self-effacing individuals, labeling such a relationship bordering on sadomasochism as a morbid dependency.

Karen Horney believed individuals in the neurotic categories of narcissism and resignation were much less susceptible to such relationships of co-dependency with an arrogant-vindictive neurotic.

Karen Horney shared Abraham Maslow's view that self-actualization is something that all people strive for.

Karen Horney believed that if we have an accurate conception of our own self, then we are free to realize our potential and achieve what we wish, within reasonable boundaries.

Karen Horney referred to this phenomenon as the "tyranny of the shoulds" and the neurotic's hopeless "search for glory".

Karen Horney concluded these ingrained traits of the psyche forever prevent an individual's potential from being actualized unless the cycle of neurosis is somehow broken, through treatment or, in less severe cases, life lesson.

The Karen Horney Clinic opened on May 6,1955 in New York City, in honor of Horney's achievements.