1. Kasman Singodimedjo was an Indonesian nationalist, politician, and National Hero who served as the second Attorney General of Indonesia between November 1945 and May 1946, and as the first chairman of the Central Indonesian National Committee in 1945.
Kasman Singodimedjo then participated in the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence, lobbying other Muslim leaders to compromise in favor of national unity.
Kasman Singodimedjo was then arrested for supporting Masyumi leaders involved in the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia and imprisoned, with another imprisonment in 1963 under charges of conspiracy against the state.
Shortly before his death in 1982, Kasman Singodimedjo would take part in petitions criticizing Suharto's government.
Kasman Singodimedjo was born near the town of Purworejo, today in Central Java, on 25 February 1904.
Kasman Singodimedjo was the third of seven children, although three of his siblings died in infancy.
Kasman Singodimedjo was educated at a Hollandsch-Inlandsche School, continuing to a Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs middle school and then to the STOVIA medical school in Batavia.
Kasman Singodimedjo had previously made connections at STOVIA to other Islamic organizations such as the Jamiat Kheir and Muhammadiyah, allowing JIB to become part of the growing Islamic political movement.
Kasman Singodimedjo did not complete his studies at STOVIA and instead enrolled at the Rechtshogeschool te Batavia, graduating with a law degree in 1934.
Kasman Singodimedjo continued his education at the RHS until he obtained a doctorate in sociology and economics in 1939.
Kasman Singodimedjo began to teach at various schools, both those affiliated with the colonial government and with Muhammadiyah, after his graduation from RHS.
Kasman Singodimedjo became a leader in the Majelis Islam A'la Indonesia Islamic organization, a federation founded in 1937 of numerous Islamic organizations.
Kasman Singodimedjo was imprisoned by Dutch authorities for four months after he gave a public speech in May 1940 calling for Indonesian independence, but was released after a defense led by lawyer and fellow nationalist politician Sartono.
Kasman Singodimedjo attended the Islamic World Congress at Tokyo in 1939 as part of his leadership role in MIAI.
At the time of the surrender of Japan, Kasman Singodimedjo was the commander of PETA's Jakarta unit.
Kasman Singodimedjo was accused of allowing soldiers under his command to be disarmed by Japanese troops while he commanded PETA in Jakarta.
In November 1945, following the formation of the Masyumi political party, Kasman Singodimedjo was appointed as a deputy chairman in its inaugural leadership.
Kasman Singodimedjo was briefly Attorney General of Indonesia, serving between November 1945 and May 1946.
Kasman Singodimedjo was the second holder of the office after Gatot Taroenamihardja, and Kasman was in turn replaced by Tirtawinata.
Kasman Singodimedjo further established the organizational structures for regional prosecutors' offices in Java and Madura.
Kasman Singodimedjo endorsed the call by Islamic guerilla leaders such as Kartosuwiryo for a jihad against the Dutch during his time in office.
The secular nationalist faction held a majority in the Assembly, but Kasman Singodimedjo refused to recognize majority decisions, claiming that Islam did not recognize majority rule.
Kasman Singodimedjo justified his views by referring to the authority of Muslim organizations as shura.
Kasman Singodimedjo retained his parliamentary seat following the 1955 legislative election.
Kasman Singodimedjo himself supported the rebelling leaders such as Mohammad Natsir.
Shortly after the rebellion's outbreak, Kasman Singodimedjo gave a speech in Magelang which resulted in his arrest by authorities and imprisonment starting on 5 September 1958.
Authorities claimed that his speech was in support of the rebels, although Kasman Singodimedjo accused a journalist of misreporting his speech.
Kasman Singodimedjo continued to be imprisoned without trial until 1960 when he was sentenced to three years' prison.
Kasman Singodimedjo was again arrested on 9 November 1963 due to accusations of conspiracy against the state and of plotting to assassinate Sukarno.
Kasman Singodimedjo supported the foundation of the Indonesian Muslims' Party in 1968, and was nominated for its first leadership election although he withdrew.
Parmusi took part in the 1971 legislative election, and Kasman Singodimedjo was part of the party's election committee which selected the party's nominees.
Kasman Singodimedjo campaigned for the party despite a dispute with some of the party's leadership.
Kasman Singodimedjo then campaigned for Parmusi's successor party United Development Party, while not running as a candidate himself, in the 1977 Indonesian legislative election.
Kasman Singodimedjo was the first signatory of the latter petition, which was known as the "Kasman Singodimedjo Petition".
Kasman Singodimedjo married Soepinah Isti Kasiyati on 17 September 1928, and the couple had six children.
Kasman Singodimedjo died on the evening of 25 October 1982 after receiving nine months of treatment for prostate cancer at the Jakarta Islamic Hospital.
Kasman Singodimedjo's body was buried at the Tanah Kusir Cemetery.
In 1992, when the Suharto government distributed awards to former members of PPKI, Kasman Singodimedjo was bypassed and did not receive an award.
Later on, after the fall of Suharto, Kasman Singodimedjo was declared a National Hero of Indonesia in 2018 by president Joko Widodo.