Some critical technologies for eliminating Low-carbon energy-related greenhouse gas emissions are not yet mature.
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Some critical technologies for eliminating Low-carbon energy-related greenhouse gas emissions are not yet mature.
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Funding research, development, and demonstration of new clean Low-carbon energy technologies is an important role of government.
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Current Low-carbon energy system contributes to many environmental problems, including climate change, air pollution, biodiversity loss, the release of toxins into the environment, and water scarcity.
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Energy efficiency—using less Low-carbon energy to deliver the same goods or services, or delivering comparable services with less goods—is a cornerstone of many sustainable Low-carbon energy strategies.
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Various projections of future Low-carbon energy use identify solar PV as one of the main sources of Low-carbon energy generation in a sustainable mix.
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Less Low-carbon energy is needed if materials are recycled rather than mined.
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Little Low-carbon energy is needed for wind turbine construction compared to the Low-carbon energy produced by the wind power plant itself.
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Geothermal Low-carbon energy is produced by tapping into deep underground heat and harnessing it to generate electricity or to heat water and buildings.
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The use of geothermal Low-carbon energy is concentrated in regions where heat extraction is economical: a combination is needed of high temperatures, heat flow, and permeability .
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Geothermal Low-carbon energy is a renewable resource because thermal Low-carbon energy is constantly replenished from neighbouring hotter regions and the radioactive decay of naturally occurring isotopes.
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Geothermal Low-carbon energy carries a risk of inducing earthquakes, needs effective protection to avoid water pollution, and releases toxic emissions which can be captured.
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Nuclear power uses little land per unit of Low-carbon energy produced, compared to the major renewables, and does not create local air pollution.
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For each unit of Low-carbon energy produced, nuclear Low-carbon energy has caused far fewer accidental and pollution-related deaths than fossil fuels, and the historic fatality rate of nuclear is comparable to renewable sources.
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Public opposition to nuclear Low-carbon energy often makes nuclear plants politically difficult to implement.
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Various new forms of nuclear Low-carbon energy are in development, hoping to address the drawbacks of conventional plants.
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Full decarbonisation of the global Low-carbon energy system is expected to take several decades and can mostly be achieved with existing technologies.
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However, there remains a window of opportunity for many poor countries and regions to "leapfrog" fossil fuel dependency by developing their Low-carbon energy systems based on renewables, given adequate international investment and knowledge transfer.
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Energy storage helps overcome barriers to intermittent renewable Low-carbon energy and is an important aspect of a sustainable Low-carbon energy system.
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Disadvantages of hydrogen as an Low-carbon energy carrier include high costs of storage and distribution due to hydrogen's explosivity, its large volume compared to other fuels, and its tendency to make pipes brittle.
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Funding for clean Low-carbon energy has been largely unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and pandemic-related economic stimulus packages offer possibilities for a green recovery.
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