34 Facts About Manic-depressive disorder

Bipolar Manic-depressive disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental Manic-depressive disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that last from days to weeks each.

Interest in functioning in the assessment of patients with bipolar Manic-depressive disorder is growing, with an emphasis on specific domains such as work, education, social life, family, and cognition.

Around one-quarter to one-third of people with bipolar Manic-depressive disorder have financial, social or work-related problems due to the illness.

Bipolar Manic-depressive disorder is among the top 20 causes of disability worldwide and leads to substantial costs for society.

In bipolar Manic-depressive disorder, a mixed state is an episode during which symptoms of both mania and depression occur simultaneously.

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Substance use Manic-depressive disorder is a common comorbidity in bipolar Manic-depressive disorder; the subject has been widely reviewed.

Causes of bipolar Manic-depressive disorder likely vary between individuals and the exact mechanism underlying the Manic-depressive disorder remains unclear.

Robust and replicable genome-wide significant associations showed several common single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with bipolar Manic-depressive disorder, including variants within the genes CACNA1C, ODZ4, and NCAN.

Polymorphisms in BDNF, DRD4, DAO, and TPH1 have been frequently associated with bipolar Manic-depressive disorder and were initially associated in a meta-analysis, but this association disappeared after correction for multiple testing.

Bipolar Manic-depressive disorder is associated with reduced expression of specific DNA repair enzymes and increased levels of oxidative DNA damages.

Bipolar Manic-depressive disorder is thought to be associated with abnormalities in the structure and function of certain brain areas responsible for cognitive tasks and the processing of emotions.

Additionally, these meta-analyses found that people with bipolar Manic-depressive disorder have higher rates of deep white matter hyperintensities.

In people with bipolar Manic-depressive disorder, decreased vPFC activity allows for the dysregulated activity of the amygdala, which likely contributes to labile mood and poor emotional regulation.

People with bipolar Manic-depressive disorder who are in a euthymic mood state show decreased activity in the lingual gyrus compared to people without bipolar Manic-depressive disorder.

One proposed model for bipolar Manic-depressive disorder suggests that hypersensitivity of reward circuits consisting of frontostriatal circuits causes mania, and decreased sensitivity of these circuits causes depression.

Bipolar Manic-depressive disorder is commonly diagnosed during adolescence or early adulthood, but onset can occur throughout life.

Several rating scales for the screening and evaluation of bipolar Manic-depressive disorder exist, including the Bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale, Mood Disorder Questionnaire, the General Behavior Inventory and the Hypomania Checklist.

Bipolar Manic-depressive disorder is classified by the International Classification of Diseases as a mental and behavioural Manic-depressive disorder.

Bipolar II Manic-depressive disorder was established as a diagnosis in 1994 within DSM IV; though debate continues over whether it is a distinct entity, part of a spectrum, or exists at all.

People with the rapid cycling or ultradian subtypes of bipolar Manic-depressive disorder tend to be more difficult to treat and less responsive to medications than other people with bipolar Manic-depressive disorder.

Psychotherapy aims to assist a person with bipolar Manic-depressive disorder in accepting and understanding their diagnosis, coping with various types of stress, improving their interpersonal relationships, and recognizing prodromal symptoms before full-blown recurrence.

Medications approved for treating bipolar Manic-depressive disorder including mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants.

Antidepressants are not recommended for use alone in the treatment of bipolar Manic-depressive disorder and do not provide any benefit over mood stabilizers.

Lifelong condition with periods of partial or full recovery in between recurrent episodes of relapse, bipolar Manic-depressive disorder is considered to be a major health problem worldwide because of the increased rates of disability and premature mortality.

When compared to the general population, people with bipolar Manic-depressive disorder have higher rates of other serious medical comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, respiratory diseases, HIV, and Hepatitis C virus infection.

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For women, better social functioning before developing bipolar Manic-depressive disorder and being a parent are protective towards suicide attempts.

When bipolar Manic-depressive disorder occurs in children, it severely and adversely affects their psychosocial development.

However, the course of illness and cognitive performance are the best predictors of employment outcomes in individuals with bipolar Manic-depressive disorder, followed by symptoms of depression and years of education.

Individuals whose bipolar Manic-depressive disorder begins with a depressive or mixed affective episode seem to have a poorer prognosis and an increased risk of suicide.

The number of deaths from suicide in bipolar Manic-depressive disorder is between 18 and 25 times higher than would be expected in similarly aged people without bipolar Manic-depressive disorder.

Incidence of bipolar Manic-depressive disorder is similar in men and women as well as across different cultures and ethnic groups.

Manic-depressive disorder coined the term manic depressive psychosis, after noting that periods of acute illness, manic or depressive, were generally punctuated by relatively symptom-free intervals where the patient was able to function normally.

Manic-depressive disorder's became one of the most well-recognized advocates for people with bipolar disorder in the public eye and fiercely advocated to eliminate the stigma surrounding mental illnesses, including bipolar disorder.

Probands of people with bipolar Manic-depressive disorder are more likely to be professionally successful, as well as to demonstrate temperamental traits similar to bipolar Manic-depressive disorder.