1. Manuel Palafox Ibarrola, known as El Ave Negra, was a Mexican military who participated in the Mexican Revolution with the title of general, as well as being the trusted emissary, personal secretary and one of the most close revolutionaries to Emiliano Zapata.
Manuel Palafox was born in Puebla de Zaragoza, state of Puebla, approximately in 1887, the son of Ismael Palafox and Antonia Ibarrola.
Manuel Palafox was an engineering student in his hometown and worked as a salesman and administrator for various companies in various parts of the Republic, from Oaxaca to Sinaloa.
Manuel Palafox is described as a short, thin, pockmarked man.
Manuel Palafox met Emiliano Zapata in October 1911, when he was a trusted employee at the Tenango and Santa Clara haciendas, owned by Luis Garcia Pimentel, in whose name he made Zapata an offer.
Manuel Palafox was taken prisoner but little by little he gained Zapata's trust.
Manuel Palafox confiscated all the mills and distilleries of Morelos, which worked as public companies managed by revolutionary bosses.
Manuel Palafox acted in the council of war of General Luis G Carton, in 1914, and in that of Otilio Montano Sanchez in 1917.
However, since the latter was governed by the principle of executing those who were too "feminine" and seemed to have no problem with the presence of Manuel Palafox, who behaved in this way, little by little the gossip gained more strength, and finally in 1918, Zapata removed him from his position as general and main Zapatista emissary.
Manuel Palafox's body was buried in Panteon Jardin, located in the same city.