18 Facts About Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.

Methamphetamine is neurotoxic to human midbrain dopaminergic neurons at high doses.

Methamphetamine has been shown to have a higher affinity and, as a result, higher toxicity toward serotonergic neurons than amphetamine.

Methamphetamine belongs to the substituted phenethylamine and substituted amphetamine chemical classes.

Methamphetamine is sometimes prescribed off label for narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia.

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Methamphetamine hydrochloride dispensed in the United States is required to include a boxed warning regarding its potential for recreational misuse and addiction liability.

Methamphetamine is often used recreationally for its effects as a potent euphoriant and stimulant as well as aphrodisiac qualities.

Methamphetamine is contraindicated in individuals with a history of substance use disorder, heart disease, or severe agitation or anxiety, or in individuals currently experiencing arteriosclerosis, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, or severe hypertension.

Methamphetamine use has a high association with anxiety, depression, amphetamine psychosis, suicide, and violent behaviors.

Methamphetamine is directly neurotoxic to dopaminergic neurons in both lab animals and humans.

Methamphetamine has been shown to activate TAAR1 in human astrocytes and generate cAMP as a result.

Methamphetamine that is present in a mother's bloodstream can pass through the placenta to a fetus and be secreted into breast milk.

Methamphetamine is metabolized by the liver enzyme CYP2D6, so CYP2D6 inhibitors will prolong the elimination half-life of methamphetamine.

Methamphetamine has been identified as a potent full agonist of trace amine-associated receptor 1, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that regulates brain catecholamine systems.

Methamphetamine is an agonist of the alpha-2 adrenergic receptors and sigma receptors with a greater affinity for s1 than s2, and inhibits monoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).

Methamphetamine is well absorbed following inhalation and following intranasal administration.

Methamphetamine is excreted by the kidneys, with the rate of excretion into the urine heavily influenced by urinary pH.

Methamphetamine has been placed in schedule II of the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances treaty.