17 Facts About Minoxidil

Minoxidil, sold under the brand name Rogaine among others, is a medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure and pattern hair loss.

Minoxidil, when used for hypertension, is generally reserved for use in severe hypertension patients who can not respond to at least two agents and a diuretic.

Minoxidil is generally administered with a loop diuretic to prevent the sodium and potassium retention.

Minoxidil, applied topically, is widely used for the treatment of hair loss.

Minoxidil must be used indefinitely for continued support of existing hair follicles and the maintenance of any experienced hair regrowth.

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Minoxidil is an adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener, causing hyperpolarization of cell membranes.

Minoxidil is a prodrug that is converted by sulfation via the sulfotransferase enzyme SULT1A1 to its active form, minoxidil sulfate.

Minoxidil induces cell growth factors such as VEGF, HGF, IGF-1 and potentiates HGF and IGF-1 actions by the activation of uncoupled sulfonylurea receptor on the plasma membrane of dermal papilla cells.

Minoxidil is capable of tetrahydrobiopterin inhibition as a cofactor for nitric oxide synthase.

Minoxidil possesses alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist activity, stimulates the peripheral sympathetic nervous system by way of carotid and aortic baroreceptor reflexes.

Minoxidil administration brings an increase in plasma renin activity, largely due to the aforementioned activation of the SNS.

Minoxidil is less effective when the area of hair loss is large.

Minoxidil is an odorless, white to off-white, crystalline powder.

Minoxidil, 6-amino-1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-imino-4-piperidinopyrimidine, is synthesized from barbituric acid, the reaction of which with phosphorous oxychloride gives 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine.

Minoxidil was developed in the late 1950s by the Upjohn Company to treat ulcers.

Minoxidil conducted two studies, the second study showing unexpected hair growth.

Minoxidil is suspected to be highly toxic to cats, even in small doses, as there are reported cases of cats dying shortly after coming in contact with minimal amounts of the substance.