23 Facts About Negative reinforcement

In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence applied that will strengthen an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus.

Negative reinforcement is the practice of removing something negative from the space of the subject as a way to encourage the antecedent behavior from that subject.

In most cases, the term "Negative reinforcement" refers to an enhancement of behavior, but this term is sometimes used to denote an enhancement of memory; for example, "post-training Negative reinforcement" refers to the provision of a stimulus after a learning session in an attempt to increase the retained breadth, detail, and duration of the individual memories or overall memory just formed.

Study of Negative reinforcement has produced an enormous body of reproducible experimental results.

Laboratory research on Negative reinforcement is usually dated from the work of Edward Thorndike, known for his experiments with cats escaping from puzzle boxes.

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Positive Negative reinforcement occurs when a desirable event or stimulus is presented as a consequence of a behavior and the chance that this behavior will manifest in similar environments increases.

Negative reinforcement occurs when the rate of a behavior increases because an aversive event or stimulus is removed or prevented from happening.

Much behavior is not reinforced every time it is emitted, and the pattern of intermittent Negative reinforcement strongly affects how fast an operant response is learned, what its rate is at any given time, and how long it continues when Negative reinforcement ceases.

The simplest rules controlling Negative reinforcement are continuous Negative reinforcement, where every response is reinforced, and extinction, where no response is reinforced.

Between these extremes, more complex "schedules of Negative reinforcement" specify the rules that determine how and when a response will be followed by a reinforcer.

Specific schedules of Negative reinforcement reliably induce specific patterns of response, irrespective of the species being investigated.

Psychology term superimposed schedules of Negative reinforcement refers to a structure of rewards where two or more simple schedules of Negative reinforcement operate simultaneously.

Likewise, interval schedules can deliver Negative reinforcement following fixed or variable intervals of time following a single response by the organism.

Concurrent schedules of Negative reinforcement can be thought of as "or" schedules, and superimposed schedules of Negative reinforcement can be thought of as "and" schedules.

In operant conditioning, concurrent schedules of Negative reinforcement are schedules of Negative reinforcement that are simultaneously available to an animal subject or human participant, so that the subject or participant can respond on either schedule.

The schedules of Negative reinforcement arranged for pecks on the two keys can be different.

However, the correct usage of Negative reinforcement is that something is a reinforcer because of its effect on behavior, and not the other way around.

Negative reinforcement did not use it, as it is today, for selecting and strengthening new behaviors.

In popular use, positive Negative reinforcement is often used as a synonym for reward, with people thus being "reinforced", but this is contrary to the term's consistent technical usage, as it is a dimension of behavior, and not the person, which is strengthened.

Negative reinforcement is often used by laypeople and even social scientists outside psychology as a synonym for punishment.

Slots machines, and thus variable ratio Negative reinforcement, have often been blamed as a factor underlying gambling addiction.

An alternative to traditional pay for performance incentive schemes that is rooted in reinforcement theory, known as the O B Mod Approach, has been proposed as a practical approach to managing the performance-related behaviors of an organization's members.

The strategic use of praise is recognized as an evidence-based practice in both classroom management and parenting training interventions, though praise is often subsumed in intervention research into a larger category of positive Negative reinforcement, which includes strategies such as strategic attention and behavioral rewards.