24 Facts About Nervous system

In biology, the classical doctrine of the nervous system determines that it is a highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

The inflexibility of the positions in the scientific debate on both sides has led to the proposal of a solution to the debate, consisting of redefining the concept of the nervous system by using only physiological criteria and avoiding phylogenetic criteria.

The sympathetic nervous system is activated in cases of emergencies to mobilize energy, while the parasympathetic nervous system is activated when organisms are in a relaxed state.

At the cellular level, the nervous system is defined by the presence of a special type of cell, called the neuron, known as a "nerve cell.

All other animal species, with the exception of a few types of worms, have a nervous system containing a brain, a central cord, and nerves radiating from the brain and central cord.

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Malfunction of the nervous system can occur as a result of genetic defects, physical damage due to trauma or toxicity, infection, or simply senesence.

The medical specialty of neurology studies disorders of the nervous system and looks for interventions that can prevent or treat them.

Nervous system derives its name from nerves, which are cylindrical bundles of fibers, that emanate from the brain and spinal cord, and branch repeatedly to innervate every part of the body.

In bilaterian animals, which make up the great majority of existing species, the nervous system has a common structure that originated early in the Ediacaran period, over 550 million years ago.

Nervous system contains two main categories or types of cells: neurons and glial cells.

Nervous system is defined by the presence of a special type of cell—the neuron.

Peripheral nervous system is a collective term for the nervous system structures that do not lie within the CNS.

Vertebrate nervous system can be divided into areas called gray matter and white matter.

Arthropods, such as insects and crustaceans, have a nervous system made up of a series of ganglia, connected by a ventral nerve cord made up of two parallel connectives running along the length of the belly.

One notable consequence of this fact is that the form of the C elegans nervous system is completely specified by the genome, with no experience-dependent plasticity.

At the most basic level, the function of the nervous system is to send signals from one cell to others, or from one part of the body to others.

In contrast to this "broadcast" mode of signaling, the nervous system provides "point-to-point" signals—neurons project their axons to specific target areas and make synaptic connections with specific target cells.

The evolution of a complex nervous system has made it possible for various animal species to have advanced perception abilities such as vision, complex social interactions, rapid coordination of organ systems, and integrated processing of concurrent signals.

In humans, the sophistication of the nervous system makes it possible to have language, abstract representation of concepts, transmission of culture, and many other features of human society that would not exist without the human brain.

Charles Sherrington, in his influential 1906 book The Integrative Action of the Nervous System, developed the concept of stimulus-response mechanisms in much more detail, and Behaviorism, the school of thought that dominated Psychology through the middle of the 20th century, attempted to explain every aspect of human behavior in stimulus-response terms.

However, experimental studies of electrophysiology, beginning in the early 20th century and reaching high productivity by the 1940s, showed that the nervous system contains many mechanisms for maintaining cell excitability and generating patterns of activity intrinsically, without requiring an external stimulus.

The function of the mirror Nervous system is a subject of much speculation.

In vertebrates, the first sign of the nervous system is the appearance of a thin strip of cells along the center of the back, called the neural plate.

Central nervous system is protected by major physical and chemical barriers.