Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular nitrogen, with a strong triple covalent bond, in the air is converted into ammonia or related nitrogenous compounds, typically in soil or aquatic systems but in industry.
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Biological nitrogen fixation or diazotroph is an important microbials mediated process that converts dinitrogen gas to ammonia using the nitrogenase protein complex.
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Nitrogen fixation is essential to life because fixed inorganic nitrogen compounds are required for the biosynthesis of all nitrogen-containing organic compounds, such as amino acids and proteins, nucleoside triphosphates and nucleic acids.
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Nitrogen fixation is carried out naturally in soil by microorganisms termed diazotrophs that include bacteria, such as Azotobacter, and archaea.
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Biological nitrogen fixation was discovered by Jean-Baptiste Boussingault in 1838.
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Biological nitrogen fixation occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia by a nitrogenase enzyme.
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Plants that contribute to nitrogen fixation include those of the legume family—Fabaceae— with taxa such as kudzu, clover, soybean, alfalfa, lupin, peanut and rooibos.
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Method for nitrogen fixation was first described by Henry Cavendish in 1784 using electric arcs reacting nitrogen and oxygen in air.
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The fixation of nitrogen by lightning is a very similar natural occurring process.
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Nitrogen fixation observed that mixtures of alkali metal oxides and carbon react with nitrogen at high temperatures.
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Nitrogen fixation can be fixed by lightning converting nitrogen gas and oxygen gas in the atmosphere into.
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