29 Facts About NMDA receptor

The NMDA receptor is one of three types of ionotropic glutamate receptors, the other two being AMPA and kainate receptors.

The NMDA receptor is thought to be very important for controlling synaptic plasticity and mediating learning and memory functions.

NMDA receptor is ionotropic, meaning it is a protein which allows the passage of ions through the cell membrane.

The NMDA receptor is so named because the agonist molecule N-methyl-D-aspartate binds selectively to it, and not to other glutamate receptors.

Extracellular magnesium and zinc (Zn) ions can bind to specific sites on the NMDA receptor, blocking the passage of other cations through the open ion channel.

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Activity of the NMDA receptor is blocked by many psychoactive drugs such as phencyclidine, alcohol (ethanol) and dextromethorphan (DXM).

Since 1989, memantine has been recognized to be an uncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor, entering the channel of the receptor after it has been activated and thereby blocking the flow of ions.

Overactivation of the NMDA receptor, causing excessive influx of Ca can lead to excitotoxicity which is implied to be involved in some neurodegenerative disorders.

In 2002, it was discovered by Hilmar Bading and co-workers that the cellular consequences of NMDA receptor stimulation depend on the receptor's location on the neuronal cell surface.

The molecular basis for toxic extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling was uncovered by Hilmar Bading and co-workers in 2020.

NMDA receptor is a glutamate and ion channel protein receptor that is activated when glycine and glutamate bind to it.

The NMDA receptor is a heteromeric complex that interacts with multiple intracellular proteins by three different subunits: GluN1, GluN2 and GluN3.

Each NMDA receptor subunit has modular design and each structural module, represents a functional unit:.

Memantine only blocks NMDA receptor associated channels during prolonged activation of the receptor, as it occurs under excitotoxic conditions, by replacing magnesium at the binding site.

For example, synaptic NMDA receptor excitation caused a decrease in the intracellular concentration of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.

Removal of D-serine can block NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory neurotransmission in many areas.

NMDA receptor-mediated currents are directly related to membrane depolarization.

N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid, which the NMDA receptor was named after, is a partial agonist of the active or glutamate recognition site.

Antagonists of the NMDA receptor are used as anesthetics for animals and sometimes humans, and are often used as recreational drugs due to their hallucinogenic properties, in addition to their unique effects at elevated dosages such as dissociation.

When certain NMDA receptor antagonists are given to rodents in large doses, they can cause a form of brain damage called Olney's lesions.

Common agents in which NMDA receptor antagonism is the primary or a major mechanism of action:.

Some common agents in which weak NMDA receptor antagonism is a secondary or additional action include:.

NMDA receptor is regulated via nitrosylation and aminoadamantane can be used as a target-directed shuttle to bring nitrogen oxide close to the site within the NMDA receptor where it can nitrosylate and regulate the ion channel conductivity.

NMDA receptor is modulated by a number of endogenous and exogenous compounds:.

Main problem with the development of NMDA antagonists for neuroprotection is that physiological NMDA receptor activity is essential for normal neuronal function.

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That way the drug obtained would only block excessively open NMDA receptor associated channels but not normal neurotransmission.

NMDA receptor is a non-specific cation channel that can allow the passage of Ca and Na into the cell and K out of the cell.

Magnesium works to potentiate NMDA receptor-induced responses at positive membrane potentials while blocking the NMDA receptor channel.

Experiments in which rodents are treated with NMDA receptor antagonist are today the most common model when it comes to testing of novel schizophrenia therapies or exploring the exact mechanism of drugs already approved for treatment of schizophrenia.