1. Nureddin Ibrahim Pasha, known as Nureddin Ibrahim Konyar from 1934, was a Turkish military officer who served in the Ottoman Army during World War I and in the Turkish Army during the Western Front of the Turkish War of Independence.
37 Facts About Nureddin Pasha
1. 2.
Nureddin Pasha was called Bearded Nureddin because being the only high-ranking Turkish officer during the Turkish War of Independence sporting a beard.
3.
Nureddin Pasha is known as one of the most important commanders of the war.
4.
Nureddin Pasha was born in 1873 in Bursa of Turkish descent.
5.
Nureddin Pasha's father, Field Marshal Ibrahim Pasha was a high-ranking officer in the Ottoman Army.
6.
Nureddin Pasha completed the Military Academy as the 31st of the class in 1893 and joined the Ottoman military as an infantry second lieutenant.
7.
Nureddin Pasha was one of the few to reach high rank without having attended a staff college.
8.
Nureddin Pasha served in the 40th Infantry Battalion of the Fifth Army between March and April 1893.
9.
Nureddin Pasha served in the headquarters of the Hassa Ordusu between April 1893 and October 1898.
10.
Nureddin Pasha took part in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 as the aide-de-camp of the commander-in-chief Edhem Pasha.
11.
Nureddin Pasha was appointed Staff Group of the Command of Bulgarian Border between 1901 and 1902.
12.
Nureddin Pasha was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1907 and Colonel in 1908.
13.
Nureddin Pasha Bey joined the Committee of Union and Progress.
14.
In February 1911, Nureddin Pasha Bey served on the XIV Corps staff fighting insurgents in Yemen and promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel.
15.
The commander of the Iraq Area Command Suleyman Askeri Bey committed suicide on 14 April 1915 and Nureddin Pasha Bey was assigned to the Iraq Area Command on 20 April.
16.
In November 1915, Nureddin Pasha Bey stopped Major General Charles Vere Ferrers Townshend's 6th Poona Infantry Division of British Indian Army at the Battle of Ctesiphon, and then pursued his retreating opponents to the town of Kut.
17.
Nureddin Pasha was promoted to the rank of Mirliva in 1918.
18.
Nureddin Pasha established a consultation committee consisting of delegates of parties, societies and merchant clubs in Smyrna, and supported activities of the Society for the Defence of Ottoman Rights in Izmir.
19.
Nureddin Pasha expelled American missionaries and put some local Christians on trial for treason.
20.
Against Kocgiri rebels, Nureddin Pasha led a force of some 3,000 cavalrymen and irregulars including the 47th Giresun Volunteer Regiment led by Topal Osman.
21.
Nureddin Pasha was relieved on 3 November 1921 and recalled to Ankara.
22.
On 29 June 1922, Nureddin Pasha was appointed to the commander of the First Army replacing Ali Ihsan and on 31 August, he was promoted to the rank of Ferik.
23.
Nureddin Pasha was to re-enter into Izmir at the head of the First Army on 9 September 1922.
24.
Nureddin Pasha summoned the Greek archbishop Chrysostomos of Smyrna and accused him of treason.
25.
Nureddin Pasha pushed him out of the residence and invited a mob of Turks to deal with him.
26.
Nureddin Pasha has doubtless been gaining added strength from the unforgiving vengeful feelings of the soldiers and officers who have seen the debris and the weeping and agonized population of the Turkish towns which the Greeks have burned to ashes all the way from Afyon.
28.
Nureddin Pasha made a scaffold on the small tunnel, where the railway passes, next to the station and hanged the dead body of Ali Kemal Bey to show Ismet Pasha who travelled through the town by train a few days later on his way to the Conference of Lausanne.
29.
Nureddin Pasha sent civil servants to buy 3,000 used civilian suits.
30.
Nureddin Pasha ordered soldiers and officers of infantry battalions and made them pass the British line with those suits at night company by company.
31.
Nureddin Pasha appointed Cavalry Lieutenant Colonel Nidai Bey as commander of this organization.
32.
The Turkish military units belonging to the III Corps under the command of Mirliva Shukri Naili and Nureddin Pasha entered Constantinople on 6 October 1923.
33.
In December 1924, a by-election of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey was held in Bursa, Nureddin Pasha stood as an independent and defeated the candidate of the Republican People's Party.
34.
Nureddin Pasha resigned membership after elected as the deputy of Bursa for the Grand National Assembly.
35.
However, on 17 January 1925, the status of deputy of Nureddin Pasha was rejected by the Grand National Assembly on the ground of his military register.
36.
Nureddin Pasha retired from the army on his own terms.
37.
In November 1925, Nureddin Pasha argued that the draft of the Hat Law violated the constitution.