20 Facts About Occupational segregation

Occupational segregation is the distribution of workers across and within occupations, based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender.

Occupational segregation compares different groups and their occupations within the context of the entire labor force.

Occupational segregation levels differ on a basis of perfect segregation and integration.

Perfect Occupational segregation occurs where any given occupation employs only one group.

However, occupational segregation remains a fixed element of the United States workforce today.

Related searches

In one study, grown women working in the 1980s were likely to have faced the same occupational segregation faced by their mothers working in the 1960s and their grandmothers working in the 1940s.

Racial Occupational segregation began to decline after the creation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Occupational segregation has a specifically strong effect on African American women.

Occupational segregation has not only affected what jobs African American women are given but their salary as well.

One of the main reasons occupational segregation is an issue for black women in the first place is the racial and ethnic discrepancy in access to high-quality educational and financial resources, which hurts children's educational outcomes, and college access results in long-term labor market opportunities instead of higher-paying jobs.

Occupational segregation is particularly damaging for black women's pay because it fixates them in lower-paying jobs, on average, compared to white men and women as well as other minority groups.

Horizontal Occupational segregation refers to differences in the number of people of each gender presents across occupations.

Horizontal Occupational segregation is likely to be increased by post-industrial restructuring of the economy, in which the expansion of service industries has called for many women to enter the workforce.

Term vertical Occupational segregation describes men's domination of the highest status jobs in both traditionally male and traditionally female occupations.

Colloquially, the existence of vertical Occupational segregation is referred to as allowing men to ride in a "glass escalator" through which women must watch as men surpass them on the way to the top positions.

Vertical Occupational segregation can be somewhat difficult to measure across occupations because it refers to hierarchies within individual occupations.

Since 1980, occupational segregation is the single largest factor of the gender pay gap, accounting for over half of the wage gap.

The crowding hypothesis postulates that occupational segregation lowers all women's earnings as a result of women's exclusion from primarily male occupations and segregation into a number of predominantly female-dominated occupations.

Occupational segregation is measured using Duncan's D, which serves as a measure of dissimilarity between two distributions.

Horizontal Occupational segregation is more resistant to change from simply modern egalitarian pressures.