13 Facts About Olaf Caroe

Olaf Caroe served as the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India during the World War II and later as the Governor of the North-West Frontier Province.

Olaf Caroe's ideas are believed to have been highly influential in shaping the post-War policies of Britain and the United States.

Olaf Caroe was educated at Winchester College, where his maternal uncle Montague Rendall was headmaster, and entered Magdalen College, Oxford in 1911 on a demyship, where he read classics.

Olaf Caroe spent the entire war in India, where he began learning Urdu and Pashto and acquired a desire to return to the country after the war.

In 1919, Olaf Caroe joined the Indian Civil Service, and soon moved to the Indian Political Service.

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Olaf Caroe was influential in foreign policy and rose to be the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, serving in that role through the World War II.

When he was deputy foreign secretary, Olaf Caroe is credited with getting the Government of India to reaffirm the McMahon Line, which had been negotiated by a former Foreign Secretary Henry McMahon with Tibet in the Simla Convention of 1914.

Olaf Caroe obtained the British government's permission to revise the official Indian maps to show the McMahon Line as the new boundary and to include the Simla Convention in a revised volume of Aitchison's Treaties but to do so "unobtrusively".

Olaf Caroe reissued the new volume in 1938, but still carrying the original 1929 date, and had the original volumes withdrawn.

Olaf Caroe took a great interest in involving native Indian officials in foreign service and training them in diplomacy.

Olaf Caroe served in this role from 1946 to just before the Partition of India in 1947.

Olaf Caroe wrote extensively after returning to Britain in 1947.

The formulations of Sir Olaf Caroe attracted attention and soon found favour in official circles.