Open education is an educational movement founded on openness, with connections to other educational movements such as critical pedagogy, and with an educational stance which favours widening participation and inclusiveness in society.
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An example of an institutional practice in line with open education would be decreasing barriers to entry, for example, eliminating academic admission requirements.
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Many open education institutes offer free certification schemes accredited by organizations like UKAS in the UK and ANAB in the United States; others offer a badge.
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Some authors have noted scholarly discussion of open education originating in the progressive pedagogy movements of early childhood education, related to the openness of teaching methods and the promotion of learner autonomy within and outside the classroom.
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Openness in education is connected to the changing needs of societies, cultures, and economies, and in particular to the rapid evolution of digital and networked technologies.
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However, critical approaches to open education have been developed which underline differing perspectives and the need for a nuanced examination of the contexts of openness, a focus on issues of participation, power and social justice, a move beyond the binaries of open and closed as well as examining relationships between formal, non-formal and informal forms of open education and the relationships between teachers and learners.
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Openness in education is considered both a comprehensible and a contested term with multiple layers and dimensions.
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Open education is motivated by a belief that learners want to exercise agency in their studies, particularly from a lifelong learning perspective.
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Researchers and practitioners in the field of open education have adopted generic educational theories such as social constructivism, behaviourism, and cognitivism, and then generated their own theoretical foundations following the emergence of open universities and the emergence of powerful and sophisticated digital technologies, such as networked learning or connectivism.
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Open education has been influenced by the philosophy of openness, characterised by an emphasis on transparency and collaboration.
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Available technologies for open education are important in the overall efficiency of the program.
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Since open education usually occurs at a different time and different place for most individuals across the world, certain technologies need to be utilized to enhance the program.
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Open education includes resources such as practices and tools that are not hampered by financial, technical, and legal impediments.
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